Super electro-optic modulation in bulk KTN:Cu based on electric-field-enhanced permittivity

JianWei Zhang; XiaoPing Du; XuPing Wang; JiGuang Zhao; Bing Liu; XiaoLei Lv; Pan Chen; YiShuo Song; Yang Wang

doi:10.1364/OL.433525

Optics Letters
Vol. 46,
Issue 17,
pp. 4192-4195
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.433525

Super electro-optic modulation in bulk KTN:Cu based on electric-field-enhanced permittivity

JianWei Zhang, XiaoPing Du, XuPing Wang, JiGuang Zhao, Bing Liu, XiaoLei Lv, Pan Chen, YiShuo Song, and Yang Wang

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JianWei Zhang, XiaoPing Du, XuPing Wang, JiGuang Zhao, Bing Liu, XiaoLei Lv, Pan Chen, YiShuo Song, and Yang Wang, "Super electro-optic modulation in bulk KTN:Cu based on electric-field-enhanced permittivity," Opt. Lett. 46, 4192-4195 (2021)

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Abstract

The electric-field-enhanced effect of permittivity can improve the performance of electro-optic modulators and deflectors. A theoretical model of super electro-optic modulation based on the field-enhanced effect of the permittivity was proposed. Results showed that a strong field-enhanced effect can greatly reduce the half-wave voltage and increase the modulation depth as a result of increased relative dielectric permittivity and permittivity gradient to the electric field. For bulk paraelectric KTN:Cu near the Curie temperature, we found a novel phenomenon that the response of relative dielectric permittivity to the bias electric field was closely related to the frequency, including attenuation, invariance, and enhancement. We effectively selected the frequencies corresponding to the strong field-enhanced effect by measuring the dielectric-frequency spectrum under the bias voltage. At these frequencies, a phase retardation of $\pi$ was achieved through ${2}{{V}_{pp}}$ AC modulation voltage, indicating that the half-wave voltage was reduced by one order of magnitude.

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Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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	Cycles
Frequency	First	Second	Third	Fourth
371 kHz	$(17.6 V, 0.36 π / V)$	$(7.4 V, 0.85 π / V)$	$(3.6 V, 1.75 π / V)$	$(2.8 V, 2.24 π / V)$
555 kHz	$(77 V, 0.08 / V)$	$(30 V, 0.21 π / V)$	$(12 V, 0.52 π / V)$	$(4 V, 1.57 π / V)$
566 kHz	$(27.6 V, 0.23 π / V)$	$(8.4 V, 0.75 π / V)$	$(2.6 V, 2.42 π / V)$	$(6.2 V, 1.01 π / V)$
746 kHz	$(23.1 V, 0.27 π / V)$	$(10.6 V, 0.59 / V)$	$(2.5 V, 2.51 / V)$	$(6.4 V, 0.98 π / V)$
766 kHz	$(90 V, 0.07 π / V)$	$(50 V, 0.14 π / V)$	$(29 V, 0.22 π / V)$	$(10 V, 0.63 π / V)$
781 kHz	$(17.4 V, 0.36 π / V)$	$(18.4 V, 0.34 π / V)$	—	—
871 kHz	$(23 V, 0.27 π / V)$	$(2 V, 1 π / V)$	$(5.9 V, 1.06 π / V)$	$(8.7 V, 0.72 π / V)$
1.011 MHz	$(32 V, 0.2 π / V)$	$(17 V, 0.37 π / V)$	$(6 V, 1.05 π / V)$	$(4 V, 1.25 π / V)$
1.021 MHz	$(14 V, 0.45 π / V)$	$(7 V, 0.9 π / V)$	$(2 V, 1 π / V)$	$(2 V, 1 π / V)$

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Optics Letters