Abstract

Light–matter interactions of guided modes strongly depend on mode shape. This Letter presents an ultrahigh extinction ratio (ER) polarizer/modulator at $\lambda = 1.55\; {\rm{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}}$, enabled by selective mode reshaping for different orthogonal modes. This bi-function device benefits from a designed side-polished fiber (SPF) with a three-layer stack of graphene/${{\rm{VO}}_2}$/PMMA overlay. Thermally induced insulator-metal transition (IMT) in ${{\rm{VO}}_2}$ via a graphene microheater leads to the polarization-selective mode shaping (PSMS), which is used to manipulate orthogonal modes separately. As a result, a TE modulator (TM-pass polarizer) with an ultrahigh ${\rm{ER}} = {168.4}\;{\rm{dB/mm}}$ (175.1 dB/mm) and low insertion loss (IL) of ${\rm{IL}} = {3.38}\;{\rm{dB/mm}}$ (0.34 dB/mm) is achieved.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

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