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Coherent chaotic optical communication of 30 Gb/s over 340-km fiber transmission via deep learning

Zhao Yang, Junxiang Ke, Qunbi Zhuge, Weisheng Hu, and Lilin Yi

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Abstract

Chaotic optical communication has attracted much attention as a hardware encryption method in the physical layer. Limited by the requirements of chaotic hardware synchronization, fiber transmission impairments are restrictedly compensated in the optical domain. There has been little experimental demonstration of high-speed and long-distance chaotic optical communication systems. Here, we propose a method to overcome such limitations. Using a deep-learning model to realize chaotic synchronization in the digital domain, fiber transmission impairments can be compensated by digital-signal processing (DSP) algorithms with coherent detection. A successful transmission of 30 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying messages hidden in a 15 GHz wideband chaotic optical carrier was experimentally demonstrated over a 340-km fiber link. Meanwhile, the chaotic receiver can be significantly simplified without compromising security. The proposed method is a possible way to promote the practical application of chaotic optical communications.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Setup of the back-to-back coherent phase-chaos communication system. CW, continuous wave lasers; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; IQ modulator, in-phase/quadrature modulator; PM, phase modulator; OC, optical coupler; MZI, Mach–Zehnder interferometer; DL, optical delay line; PD, photodiode; EA, electrical amplifier; PC, polarization controller; OSC, oscilloscope.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Chaotic time series collected from the coherent receiver by the OSC in a back-to-back situation. (b) Chaotic time series predicted by the NN. (c) Spectrum of the chaotic carrier. (d) Spectrum of the chaotic carrier predicted by the NN.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Experimental setup of the coherent phase-chaotic communication system with 340-km fiber transmission. CW, continuous wave lasers; IQ modulator, in-phase/quadrature modulator; PM, phase modulator; OC, optical coupler; MZI, Mach–Zehnder interferometer; DL, optical delay line; PD, photodiode; EA, electrical amplifier; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; OF, optical filter; PC, polarization controller; OSC, oscilloscope; CD, chromatic dispersion; CMA, constant modulus algorithm; EKF-CPR, extended Kalman filter-based carrier-phase recovery algorithm.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Chaos synchronization and constellations of the original, encrypted, and decrypted 30 Gb/s QPSK signal. (a) Chaotic time series collected from the coherent receiver by the OSC after 340 km transmission. (b) Chaotic time series predicted by the trained NN. (c) Constellation of QPSK signals without chaotic encryption after 340 km fiber transmission. (d) Constellation after the phase-chaos-masked QPSK signal after 340 km fiber transmission. (e) Constellation of the QPSK signal decrypted by the NN after 340 km fiber transmission.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. BER performance. (a) BER performance of the decrypted signal (line marked with squares) and encrypted signal (line marked with triangles) in the back-to-back situation, and BER of the decrypted signal (line marked with circles) after 340-km fiber transmission with different values of optical power P in the chaotic feedback oscillator. (b) BER of the decrypted signal (line marked with squares) and encrypted signal (line marked with triangles) in the back-to-back situation, and BER of the decrypted signal (line marked with circles) after 340-km fiber transmission with different values of the mask coefficient α.

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Equations (3)

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1 θ ∫ t 0 t x T ( ζ ) d ζ + x T ( t ) + τ d x T ( t ) d t = f N L ( x T ( t − T ) + m ( t − T ) ) = β cos ⁡ 2 [ x T ( t − T ) − x T ( t − T − δ T ) + m ( t − T ) − m ( t − T − δ T ) + Φ 0 ] ,
E 1 ( t ) = 1 2 E 0 ( t ) exp ⁡ ( j ( x T ( t ) + m ( t ) ) ) , E 2 ( t ) = 1 2 E 0 ( t ) exp ⁡ ( j ( x T ( t − δ t ) + m ( t − δ t ) ) E o u t ( t ) = 1 2 E 0 ( t ) { exp ⁡ ( j ( x T ( t ) + m ( t ) ) ) + exp ⁡ ( j ( x T ( t − δ t ) + m ( t − δ t ) ) } f N L ( x T ( t ) + m ( t ) ) = E o u t 2 ( t ) = E 0 2 ( t ) × cos 2 { ( x T ( t ) + m ( t ) ) − ( x T ( t − δ t ) + m ( t − δ t ) ) 2 } ,
C = ⟨ [ x ( t ) − ⟨ x ( t ) ⟩ ] [ y ( t ) − ⟨ y ( t ) ⟩ ] ⟩ ⟨ [ x ( t ) − ⟨ x ( t ) ⟩ ] 2 ⟩ ⟨ [ y ( t ) − ⟨ y ( t ) ⟩ ] 2 ⟩ .
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