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From superradiance to subradiance: exploring the many-body Dicke ladder

Antoine Glicenstein, Giovanni Ferioli, Antoine Browaeys, and Igor Ferrier-Barbut

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report a time-resolved study of collective emission in dense ensembles of two-level atoms. We compare, on the same sample, the buildup of superradiance and subradiance from the ensemble when driven by a strong laser. This allows us to measure the dynamics of the population of superradiant and subradiant states as a function of time. In particular, we demonstrate the buildup in time of subradiant states through superradiant dynamics. This illustrates the dynamics of the many-body density matrix of superradiant ensembles of two-level atoms when departing from the ideal conditions of Dicke superradiance, in which symmetry forbids the population of subradiant states.

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References

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  1. N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
    [Crossref]
  2. M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
    [Crossref]
  3. T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  4. E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  6. S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  7. D. Das, B. Lemberger, and D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043708 (2020).
    [Crossref]
  8. G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
    [Crossref]
  9. M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  10. A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  11. P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  12. R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).
  13. R. G. DeVoe and R. G. Brewer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2049 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  14. B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
    [Crossref]
  15. W. Guerin, M. O. Araújo, and R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 083601 (2016).
    [Crossref]
  16. A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
    [Crossref]
  17. G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
    [Crossref]
  18. N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
    [Crossref]
  19. R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).
  20. R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954).
    [Crossref]
  21. M. Gross and S. Haroche, Phys. Rep. 93, 301 (1982).
    [Crossref]
  22. A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
    [Crossref]
  23. A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
    [Crossref]
  24. A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).
  25. S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
    [Crossref]
  26. A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
    [Crossref]
  27. B. Olmos, D. Yu, and I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023616 (2014).
    [Crossref]
  28. C. D. Parmee and N. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. A 97, 053616 (2018).
    [Crossref]
  29. C. D. Parmee and J. Ruostekoski, Commun. Phys. 3, 205 (2020).
    [Crossref]
  30. R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
    [Crossref]

2021 (5)

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
[Crossref]

2020 (5)

C. D. Parmee and J. Ruostekoski, Commun. Phys. 3, 205 (2020).
[Crossref]

D. Das, B. Lemberger, and D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043708 (2020).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
[Crossref]

N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

2018 (1)

C. D. Parmee and N. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. A 97, 053616 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (2)

P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
[Crossref]

A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (4)

M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Guerin, M. O. Araújo, and R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 083601 (2016).
[Crossref]

M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (2)

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

2014 (1)

B. Olmos, D. Yu, and I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023616 (2014).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

R. G. DeVoe and R. G. Brewer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2049 (1996).
[Crossref]

1982 (1)

M. Gross and S. Haroche, Phys. Rep. 93, 301 (1982).
[Crossref]

1976 (1)

M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
[Crossref]

1973 (1)

N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
[Crossref]

1954 (1)

R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954).
[Crossref]

Albrecht, A.

A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
[Crossref]

Araújo, M. O.

M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Guerin, M. O. Araújo, and R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 083601 (2016).
[Crossref]

Asenjo-Garcia, A.

S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
[Crossref]

A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
[Crossref]

Bachelard, R.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).

Barberena, D.

R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
[Crossref]

Barberis-Blostein, P.

P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
[Crossref]

Barredo, D.

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

Barrett, B.

E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
[Crossref]

Blaha, M.

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

Bollinger, J. J.

R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
[Crossref]

Brewer, R. G.

R. G. DeVoe and R. G. Brewer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2049 (1996).
[Crossref]

Brossard, L.

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

Browaeys, A.

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
[Crossref]

Busche, H.

N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

Büchler, H. P.

N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

Chang, D. E.

A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
[Crossref]

Cidrim, A.

A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).

Cipris, A.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

Cline, J. R. K.

M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
[Crossref]

Cooper, N. R.

C. D. Parmee and N. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. A 97, 053616 (2018).
[Crossref]

Côté, R.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Das, D.

D. Das, B. Lemberger, and D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043708 (2020).
[Crossref]

DeVoe, R. G.

R. G. DeVoe and R. G. Brewer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2049 (1996).
[Crossref]

Dicke, R. H.

R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954).
[Crossref]

Eyler, E. E.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fabre, C.

M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
[Crossref]

Farooqi, S. M.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fatemi, F. K.

P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
[Crossref]

Feld, M. S.

N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
[Crossref]

Ferioli, G.

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

Ferrier-Barbut, I.

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
[Crossref]

Glicenstein, A.

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

Goban, A.

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

Gould, P. L.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Gross, M.

M. Gross and S. Haroche, Phys. Rep. 93, 301 (1982).
[Crossref]

M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
[Crossref]

Guerin, W.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Guerin, M. O. Araújo, and R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 083601 (2016).
[Crossref]

Haroche, S.

M. Gross and S. Haroche, Phys. Rep. 93, 301 (1982).
[Crossref]

M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
[Crossref]

Havey, M. D.

S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
[Crossref]

Henriet, L.

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
[Crossref]

Herman, I. P.

N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
[Crossref]

Hofferberth, S.

N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

Hood, J. D.

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

Hung, C.-L.

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

Iwata, G. Z.

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

Johnson, A.

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

Kaiser, R.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
[Crossref]

W. Guerin, M. O. Araújo, and R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 083601 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).

Kemp, K. J.

S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
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A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
[Crossref]

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

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N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

Koštrun, M.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Krešic, I.

M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
[Crossref]

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E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kumlin, J.

N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

Lechner, D.

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

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D. Das, B. Lemberger, and D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043708 (2020).
[Crossref]

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B. Olmos, D. Yu, and I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023616 (2014).
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R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
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N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
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S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
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B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

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B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

Moreira, N. A.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
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A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
[Crossref]

Moszynski, R.

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

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R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
[Crossref]

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A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
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A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
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M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
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B. Olmos, D. Yu, and I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023616 (2014).
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S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
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P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
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A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

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E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
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C. D. Parmee and J. Ruostekoski, Commun. Phys. 3, 205 (2020).
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C. D. Parmee and N. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. A 97, 053616 (2018).
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R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

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M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
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E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
[Crossref]

Rauschenbeutel, A.

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

Rey, A. M.

R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
[Crossref]

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G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
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P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
[Crossref]

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S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
[Crossref]

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C. D. Parmee and J. Ruostekoski, Commun. Phys. 3, 205 (2020).
[Crossref]

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A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).

Schneeweiss, P.

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

Skomorowski, W.

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

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N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
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S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
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P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
[Crossref]

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A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

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N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

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G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

Tarallo, M. G.

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

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M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
[Crossref]

Tong, D.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Villas-Boas, C. J.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).

Volz, J.

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

Vrinceanu, D.

T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

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T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Weiss, P.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

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M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
[Crossref]

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D. Das, B. Lemberger, and D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043708 (2020).
[Crossref]

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T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

Yu, D.

B. Olmos, D. Yu, and I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023616 (2014).
[Crossref]

Yu, S.-P.

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zelevinsky, T.

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

Zhang, R.

E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
[Crossref]

do Espirito Santo, T. S.

A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
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A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

Commun. Phys. (1)

C. D. Parmee and J. Ruostekoski, Commun. Phys. 3, 205 (2020).
[Crossref]

Nat. Commun. (1)

P. Solano, P. Barberis-Blostein, F. K. Fatemi, L. A. Orozco, and S. L. Rolston, Nat. Commun. 8, 1857 (2017).
[Crossref]

Nat. Phys. (1)

B. H. McGuyer, M. McDonald, G. Z. Iwata, M. G. Tarallo, W. Skomorowski, R. Moszynski, and T. Zelevinsky, Nat. Phys. 11, 32 (2015).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rep. (1)

M. Gross and S. Haroche, Phys. Rep. 93, 301 (1982).
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R. H. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 93, 99 (1954).
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T. Wang, S. F. Yelin, R. Côté, E. E. Eyler, S. M. Farooqi, P. L. Gould, M. Koštrun, D. Tong, and D. Vrinceanu, Phys. Rev. A 75, 033802 (2007).
[Crossref]

E. Paradis, B. Barrett, A. Kumarakrishnan, R. Zhang, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. A 77, 043419 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Das, B. Lemberger, and D. D. Yavuz, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043708 (2020).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, L. Brossard, Y. R. P. Sortais, D. Barredo, F. Nogrette, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. A 103, 043301 (2021).
[Crossref]

B. Olmos, D. Yu, and I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. A 89, 023616 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. D. Parmee and N. R. Cooper, Phys. Rev. A 97, 053616 (2018).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (11)

N. Skribanowitz, I. P. Herman, J. C. MacGillivray, and M. S. Feld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 309 (1973).
[Crossref]

M. Gross, C. Fabre, P. Pillet, and S. Haroche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1035 (1976).
[Crossref]

M. O. Araújo, I. Krešić, R. Kaiser, and W. Guerin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073002 (2016).
[Crossref]

S. J. Roof, K. J. Kemp, M. D. Havey, and I. M. Sokolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 073003 (2016).
[Crossref]

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, F. Robicheaux, R. T. Sutherland, A. Browaeys, and I. Ferrier-Barbut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 243602 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Goban, C.-L. Hung, J. D. Hood, S.-P. Yu, J. A. Muniz, O. Painter, and H. J. Kimble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 063601 (2015).
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W. Guerin, M. O. Araújo, and R. Kaiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 083601 (2016).
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A. Cipris, N. A. Moreira, T. S. do Espirito Santo, P. Weiss, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, W. Guerin, and R. Bachelard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 103604 (2021).
[Crossref]

A. Glicenstein, G. Ferioli, N. Šibalić, L. Brossard, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 253602 (2020).
[Crossref]

S. J. Masson, I. Ferrier-Barbut, L. A. Orozco, A. Browaeys, and A. Asenjo-Garcia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 263601 (2020).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Res. (2)

N. Stiesdal, H. Busche, J. Kumlin, K. Kleinbeck, H. P. Büchler, and S. Hofferberth, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 043339 (2020).
[Crossref]

R. J. Lewis-Swan, S. R. Muleady, D. Barberena, J. J. Bollinger, and A. M. Rey, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, L022020 (2021).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. X (2)

G. Ferioli, A. Glicenstein, L. Henriet, I. Ferrier-Barbut, and A. Browaeys, Phys. Rev. X 11, 021031 (2021).
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A. Asenjo-Garcia, M. Moreno-Cardoner, A. Albrecht, H. J. Kimble, and D. E. Chang, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031024 (2017).
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Sci. Adv. (1)

M. A. Norcia, M. N. Winchester, J. R. K. Cline, and J. K. Thompson, Sci. Adv. 2, 1601231 (2016).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

R. Pennetta, M. Blaha, A. Johnson, D. Lechner, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, “Collective radiative dynamics of an ensemble of cold atoms coupled to an optical waveguide,” arXiv:2109.00860 (2021).

R. Pennetta, D. Lechner, M. Blaha, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, and J. Volz, “Observation of coherent coupling between super- and subradiant states of an ensemble of cold atoms collectively coupled to a single propagating optical mode,” arXiv:2112.10806 (2021).

A. C. Santos, A. Cidrim, C. J. Villas-Boas, R. Kaiser, and R. Bachelard, “Generating long-lived entangled states with free-space collective spontaneous emission,” arXiv:2110.15033 (2021).

Data availability

Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Figures (3)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Dynamics of super- and subradiant many-body states. (a) Representation of the “Dicke ladder” for our two-level ensembles. The superradiant states (highlighted in red) drive the cascade. The departure from ideal Dicke symmetries induces (i) a possibility for direct laser driving of the subradiant states (green) and (ii) a decay from superradiant states toward subradiant ones. (b) Time windows used to characterize super- and subradiance. Superradiance (red area) is characterized by extracting the decay time (c) and counting the photons (d) detected during a time $1/\Gamma _0$ directly after the end of the driving pulse (red area). Subradiance (e), (f) is characterized using a time window starting $4/\Gamma _0$ after the end of the pulse (green area). The gray curves in (c) to (f) correspond to the evolution of the excited state fraction $n_\mathrm {e}$, arbitrarily scaled for each panel (see text for details).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (top) Superradiant decay time and (bottom) photon count plotted as a function of excited state fraction $n_\mathrm {e}$. The coloring indicates the time of the end of the pulse.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Simulation of the driving and decay of two atoms. (a) Excited state fraction (red) and population (green) of the subradiant state $|{-}\rangle$ during driving, for many different interatomic axis orientations (thin lines), and average (solid line). (b) Number of photons $N_{\mathrm {sub}}$ observed in the late decay, using the same definition as Fig. 1(b). This corresponds to the quantity measured experimentally in Fig. 1(f). The gray curve is proportional to $n_{\mathrm {e}}$. (c) Same as (a), but with driving switched off at the $\pi$-pulse time. This allows us to see initial direct driving of the population in $|{-}\rangle$ and then an increase in population due to decay from the doubly excited state $|{ee}\rangle$. The four states of the two-atom system are shown as an inset in (b).

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