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Super tiny quartz-tuning-fork-based light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy sensing

Shunda Qiao, Pengze Ma, Viktor Tsepelin, Guowei Han, Jinxing Liang, Wei Ren, Huadan Zheng, and Yufei Ma

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

In this Letter, a sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES)-based trace gas sensor by exploiting a super tiny quartz tuning fork (QTF) was demonstrated. The prong length and width of this QTF are 3500 µm and 90 µm, respectively, which determines a resonant frequency of 6.5 kHz. The low resonant frequency is beneficial to increase the energy accumulation time in a LITES sensor. The geometric dimension of QTF on the micrometer scale is advantageous to obtain a great thermal expansion and thus can produce a strong piezoelectric signal. The temperature gradient distribution of the super tiny QTF was simulated based on the finite element analysis and is higher than that of the commercial QTF with 32.768 kHz. Acetylene (C2H2) was used as the analyte. Under the same conditions, the use of the super tiny QTF achieved a 1.64-times signal improvement compared with the commercial QTF. The system shows excellent long-term stability according to the Allan deviation analysis, and a minimum detection limit (MDL) would reach 190 ppb with an integration time of 220 s.

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic configuration of the C2H2-LITES sensor. DFB, distribute feedback; FC, fiber collimator; QTF, quartz tuning fork; PC, personal computer. (a) Diagram of the standard commercial QTF. (b) Diagram of the super tiny QTF.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Temperature gradient distribution of the QTFs with the same excitation intensity. (a) Commercial QTF. (b) Super tiny QTF.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Frequency response curve for the super tiny QTF (blue line) and the commercial QTF (red line). (b) LITES signal amplitude as a function of the current modulation depth for the super tiny QTF (blue line) and the commercial QTF (red line).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Comparison of the 2f LITES signals measured by the two different QTFs for a 2% C2H2:N2 gas mixture. (b) System noise measured with the two different QTFs with a 200-ms integration time.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (a) 2f LITES signal with different gas concentrations when the super tiny QTF was used. (b) 2f signal peak values as a function of gas concentrations.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) Continuous monitoring of signal amplitude for more than 2.5 hours with the gas cell filled with pure N2. (b) Mathematical statistic of the data points.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Allan deviation for the super tiny QTF-based C2H2-LITES sensor system.

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