Multi-step-index fiber with a large number of weakly coupled OAM mode groups for IM/DD systems in data centers: design, fabrication, and characterization

Mingjuan Zhuang; Jiajing Tu; Dawei Wang; Dawei Wang; Shecheng Gao; Lei Shen; Jie Luo; Weiping Liu; Zhaohui Li; Zhaohui Li

doi:10.1364/OL.505373

Optics Letters
Vol. 48,
Issue 22,
pp. 6036-6039
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.505373

Multi-step-index fiber with a large number of weakly coupled OAM mode groups for IM/DD systems in data centers: design, fabrication, and characterization

Mingjuan Zhuang, Jiajing Tu, Dawei Wang, Shecheng Gao, Lei Shen, Jie Luo, Weiping Liu, and Zhaohui Li

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Mingjuan Zhuang, Jiajing Tu, Dawei Wang, Shecheng Gao, Lei Shen, Jie Luo, Weiping Liu, and Zhaohui Li, "Multi-step-index fiber with a large number of weakly coupled OAM mode groups for IM/DD systems in data centers: design, fabrication, and characterization," Opt. Lett. 48, 6036-6039 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 11, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: October 18, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: October 20, 2023
- Published: November 10, 2023

Abstract

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) technique based on weakly coupled few-mode fibers (FMF) is promising to enhance the capacity of short-reach transmission. We design and fabricate a multi-step-index FMF (MSIF), which supports weakly coupled first-order radial orbital angular momentum mode group (OAM_l,1 MG) for MDM transmission. We use three layers of core to regulate the minimum effective refractive index difference (min|Δn_eff|) between OAM_l,1 MG and the adjacent MGs. In experiments, we demonstrate that the fabricated MSIF can support up to OAM_6,1 with the interferometric method, and the loss measured by an optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) can achieve <0.5 dB/km for the OAM_l,1 with an order from |l| = 0 to |l| = 6. The inter-mode-group cross talk (XT) is tested by the power measurement, and the system-level XT after 20 km fiber transmission in the worst case is about −11.1 dB.

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Reference	Mode Type	MGs Number	Fiber Type
[15]	OAM	4	RCF
[11]	OAM	5	RCF
[7]	LP	6	FMF
This work	OAM	7	FMF

Parameter	Initial Parameter Range of the Designed MSIF		Optimal Design
Parameter	Min	Max	Optimal Design
r $_{1} (μ m)$	1.5	6.5	3.43
r $_{2} (μ m)$	r $_{1}$ $+$ 1.5	r $_{1}$ $+$ 6.5	7.02
r $_{3} (μ m)$	8.2	10.2	9.75
$Δ n_{1} (%)$	0.8	1.5	1.4307
$Δ n_{2} (%)$	1.4	1.5	1.4978
$Δ n_{3} (%)$	0.8	1.5	1.1107

Input MGs	Output MGs (Cross Talk, dB)
Input MGs	XT for Adjacent MGs in $n_{e f f}$		XT for Adjacent MGs in l
\|l\| = 0	OAM $_{1, 1}$ ( $-$ 12.2)	-	OAM $_{1, 1}$ ( $-$ 12.2)	-
\|l\| = 1	OAM $_{2, 1}$ ( $-$ 13.1)	OAM $_{0, 1}$ ( $-$ 11.1)	OAM $_{2, 1}$ ( $-$ 13.1)	OAM $_{0, 1}$ ( $-$ 11.1)
\|l\| = 2	OAM $_{0, 2}$ ( $-$ 14.2)	OAM $_{1, 1}$ ( $-$ 13.2)	OAM $_{3, 1}$ ( $-$ 14)	OAM $_{1, 1}$ ( $-$ 13.2)
\|l\| = 3	OAM $_{1, 2}$ ( $-$ 19.1)	OAM $_{0, 2}$ ( $-$ 20.8)	OAM $_{4, 1}$ ( $-$ 13.9)	OAM $_{2, 1}$ ( $-$ 15.7)
\|l\| = 4	OAM $_{2, 2}$ ( $-$ 17.7)	OAM $_{1, 2}$ ( $-$ 21.1)	OAM $_{5, 1}$ ( $-$ 14.3)	OAM $_{3, 1}$ ( $-$ 12.7)
\|l\| = 5	OAM $_{3, 2}$ ( $-$ 19.4)	OAM $_{0, 3}$ ( $-$ 23.3)	OAM $_{6, 1}$ ( $-$ 13.3)	OAM $_{4, 1}$ ( $-$ 14,2)
\|l\| = 6	OAM $_{4, 2}$ ( $-$ 18)	OAM $_{1, 3}$ ( $-$ 18.8)	OAM $_{5, 1}$ ( $-$ 12.4)	-

Reference	Mode Type	MGs Number	Fiber Type
[15]	OAM	4	RCF
[11]	OAM	5	RCF
[7]	LP	6	FMF
This work	OAM	7	FMF

Parameter	Initial Parameter Range of the Designed MSIF		Optimal Design
Parameter	Min	Max	Optimal Design
r $_{1} (μ m)$	1.5	6.5	3.43
r $_{2} (μ m)$	r $_{1}$ $+$ 1.5	r $_{1}$ $+$ 6.5	7.02
r $_{3} (μ m)$	8.2	10.2	9.75
$Δ n_{1} (%)$	0.8	1.5	1.4307
$Δ n_{2} (%)$	1.4	1.5	1.4978
$Δ n_{3} (%)$	0.8	1.5	1.1107

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