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Optical fiber-integrated achromatic metalens based on catenary metasurfaces

Zhongyue Luo, Wentao Zhang, Yun Chen, Dawei Chen, Niannian Song, Zihui Zhao, Libo Yuan, and Hongchang Deng

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A challenge in all-fiber-integrated metasurface devices is to efficiently control dispersion in the limited fiber end area to build metasurfaces, therefore, the design of metasurfaces with a special structure becomes crucial to meet the demands of dispersion control. A unique phase response of circularly polarized light in catenary metasurfaces can offer new opportunities for polarization-sensitive arbitrary chromatic dispersion control. Herein, we proposed an optical achromatic metalens based on equal width catenary metasurfaces integrated on the large-mode optical fiber (LMF) end. To reduce phase distortions, the LMF is designed to generate quasi-plane waves (QPW), and then QPW converts from catenary metasurfaces to realize achromatic focusing. A notable feature of this device is its axial focal length shift as low as 0.09% across the working wavelength range from 1.33 µm to 1.55 µm, commonly used in optical fiber communication, demonstrating its excellent dispersion control capability. Furthermore, the device exhibits exceptional capabilities to break through the diffraction limit of the output field. This research has potential applications in the fields of achromatic devices, chromatic aberration correction, fiber lasers, and optical communication and modulation.

© 2023 Optica Publishing Group

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Supplementary Material (1)

NameDescription
Supplement 1       supplemental document of fiber-integrated achromatic metalens

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Achromatic focusing of the LCP light by an optical fiber-integrated achromatic metalens.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Phase profiles along the radial direction of two metalenses at a bandwidth from λmin = 1.33 µm to λmax = 1.55 µm. The red solid and blue dots lines are theoretical and simulation results, respectively. The inset presents the shape of EWC unit cell with the period P = 1 µm. fi(x) and fo(x) are defined as the inner and outside catenary outline of EWC unit cell, respectively. ξ(x): the tangential angle of the catenary (see section S3 in the Supplement 1). (c) EWC unit cells arrangements of Lens1 and Lens2. The parameters of EWC unit cells are presented in section S4 of the Supplement 1.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Optical properties of EWC unit cells. (a) EWC unit cell with a height H of 1.4 µm. Λ: horizontal span of the catenary. w: width of inner and outside catenary outline. (b) LCP to RCP conversion efficiency of EWC unit cell 1 of Lens1 and unit cells 2, 3 of Lens2, which have Λ and w: Λ1 = 0.196 µm, w1 = 0.114 µm, Λ2 = 0.159 µm, w2 = 0.128 µm, and Λ3 = 0.196 µm, w3 = 0.175 µm, respectively. (c) Phase profile of the cell 3 with different rotation angles θ. (d) Phase profile of three cells. (e) Compensation phase of different sizes of the EWC unit cells. (f) Normalized intensity field distributions for LCP light propagating in the cell 3.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Normalized intensity output field distributions of the achromatic (a) Lens1 and (b) Lens2 in both longitudinal and transverse (insets) planes at five different wavelengths. Solid lines indicate the normalized intensity curves of the center lobe of the longitudinal propagation field and the white dotted lines indicate the position of focal planes.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Output propagation field characteristics of two achromatic metalenses for LCP incident light. (a), (b) Focal lengths. (c), (d) FWHMs. (e), (f) Focus efficiency.

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