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Second-harmonic flat-top beam shaping via a three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal

Ruonan Wang, Qiang Cao, Xiaoliang Wang, Xiaoyu Tian, and Fengchang Li

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Abstract

We experimentally extend the nonlinear Gaussian to flat-top beam shaping from one to two dimensions through a three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal. Employing a near-infrared femtosecond laser, we induce a modification inside lithium niobate to achieve a second-order nonlinear optical coefficient modulation in three dimensions. The flat-topped truncation of wavefront has been adjusted in a mutual perpendicular coordinate separately. Among the generated flat-topped beams, the optimal flatness is 97.1%, and the nonlinear conversion efficiency is 10−2 at the peak power of 37 kW with the interaction length of 630 µm. By adding an extra dimension, our work simultaneously enables full-wavefront flat-top distribution and nonlinear frequency conversion.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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