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Mid-Infrared Volume Phase Gratings Manufactured using Ultrafast Laser Inscription

David G. MacLachlan, Robert R. Thomson, Colin R. Cunningham, and David Lee

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report on the ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) of volume phase gratings inside gallium lanthanum sulphide (GLS) chalcogenide glass substrates. The effect of laser pulse energy and grating thickness on the dispersive properties of the gratings is investigated, with the aim of improving the performance of the gratings in the mid-infrared. The grating with the optimum performance in the mid-infrared exhibited a 1st order absolute diffraction efficiency of 61% at 1300 nm and 24% at 2640 nm. Based on the work reported here, we conclude that ULI is promising for the fabrication of mid-infrared volume phase gratings, with potential applications including astronomical instrumentation and remote sensing.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Digital camera picture of Sample B taken with angled illumination and viewing. (b) Shadowgraph image of Sample B. The orientation in both images is the same. The pulse energy used to fabricate the gratings decreases from left to right for each row and from top to bottom.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Digital camera picture of the experimental setup used to measure the broadband efficiency of the gratings. The pieces of equipment shown are the IR camera (1), diffraction grating (2), collimating lens (3), optical fiber (4), monochromator (5) and light source (6). (b) Digital camera picture of one of the GLS gratings illuminated with a 633 nm laser.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Plot of absolute diffraction efficiency measured at 633 nm, for 0th and 1st diffraction orders vs. laser pulse energy for Sample B.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Plot of absolute diffraction efficiency in 1st order vs. wavelength for Sample C with gratings of different thicknesses.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Plot of absolute diffraction efficiency in 0th and 1st order vs. wavelength for the Sample C grating manufactured with 71 layers.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Plot of absolute diffraction efficiency measured at 1300 nm, for 0th and 1st diffraction orders vs. angle of incidence for the GLS Sample C 71 layer grating. The theoretical GSolver prediction for a binary refractive index profile is also shown.

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