Active Q-switching operation of a Tm:SrF<sub>2</sub> single crystal fiber laser near 2&#x2005;&#x00B5;m

Wenxin Liu; Wenxin Liu; Yuqian Zu; Yuqian Zu; Yangxiao Wang; Yangxiao Wang; Yangxiao Wang; Zhonghan Zhang; Zhonghan Zhang; Jie Liu; Liangbi Su; Liangbi Su; Liangbi Su

doi:10.1364/OME.436045

Optical Materials Express
Vol. 11,
Issue 9,
pp. 2877-2882
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.436045

Active Q-switching operation of a Tm:SrF₂ single crystal fiber laser near 2 µm

Wenxin Liu, Yuqian Zu, Yangxiao Wang, Zhonghan Zhang, Jie Liu, and Liangbi Su

Open Access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Wenxin Liu, Yuqian Zu, Yangxiao Wang, Zhonghan Zhang, Jie Liu, and Liangbi Su, "Active Q-switching operation of a Tm:SrF₂ single crystal fiber laser near 2 µm," Opt. Mater. Express 11, 2877-2882 (2021)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

More Like This

Kilo-hertz-level Q-switched laser characteristics of a Tm,Y:CaF₂ crystal
X. Liu, et al.
Opt. Mater. Express 7(12) 4352-4357 (2017)

Compact Q-switched Nd:YAG single-crystal fiber laser with 794 nm laser diode pumping
Xiaoqin Liu, et al.
Opt. Mater. Express 11(10) 3355-3362 (2021)

High-peak-power operation of a Q-switched Tm³⁺-doped silica fiber laser operating near 2...
Ashraf F. El-Sherif, et al.
Opt. Lett. 28(1) 22-24 (2003)

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Laser Materials
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 6, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: July 30, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: July 30, 2021
- Published: August 5, 2021

Abstract

Single crystal fiber (SCF) lasers have attracted extensive attention recently. In this paper, Tm:SrF₂ SCF was successfully grown by the temperature gradient method. With a compact resonator, the acousto-optically Q-switched properties of a diode-pumped Tm:SrF₂ SCF laser was investigated first. At the repetition rate of 500 Hz, a highest pulse energy of 1.32 mJ and a narrowest pulse width of 51 ns were acquired with the absorbed pump power of 2.60 W, resulting in the peak power of 25.85 kW. These results indicate that Tm:SrF₂ SCF is a promising laser gain material for generating ∼2 µm region pulsed lasers.

1. Introduction

Laser diode (LD) pumped Tm³⁺-doped all-solid-state pulsed laser emits the wavelength of near 2 µm region, which has widespread applications in remote sensing, coherent radar, material processing, atmospheric detection, biomedical and other aspects [1–4]. In order to obtain this widely used laser, actively Q-switching is one of the main technologies, which has the benefits of controllable pulse period, high pulse energy and large peak power [5,6]. As an important component of laser, gain medium determines the capacity and efficiency of the laser output. The traditional bulk crystal and glass fiber are two of the most commonly used gain media at present, but their defects limit the further development in high power and high energy pulsed laser [7,8].

Single crystal fiber (SCF) is a novel gain medium between bulk crystal and glass fiber, which has received much attention due to its excellent performance. Compared with the bulk crystal, SCF has the advantages of small size, light weight and good pump guidance, which provides an opportunity to realize compact all-solid-state laser [9,10]. In addition, the high aspect ratio of one-dimensional material makes SCF have great heat dissipation performance, which is beneficial to the thermal management of laser system [11]. Meanwhile, SCF has lower stimulated Brillouin scattering cross-sections and better thermal conductivity than glass fiber [12–14]. Combining the advantages of high gain of traditional bulk crystal and good heat dissipation of glass fiber, SCF has a good prospect in realizing high-power and high-energy compact pulsed laser. Rare earth ions doped fluoride crystals have the advantages of simple fluorite cubic structure, wide transparency range and long radiation life [15–18]. As the most excellent fluorides, CaF₂ and SrF₂ crystals possess low melting point, small thermal expansion coefficient and high thermal conductivity, which were considered as promising matrix material [19,20]. In 2017, Liu et al. have realized an acousto-optically (AO) Q-switched laser on Tm,Y:CaF₂ crystal, and obtained a pulsed laser with 280 ns pulse width and 0.335 mJ pulse energy [21]. Compared to CaF₂ crystal, SrF₂ has a lower phonon energy (∼280 cm⁻¹) [22]. Low phonon energy leads to weak multi-phonon non-radiative quenching, resulting in higher optical efficiency and lower heat loss of rare earth ions doped fluoride [23,24]. Up to now, only the continuous-wave (CW) laser has been reported based on Tm:SrF₂ crystal [25]. By improving the thermal management of the laser system, SCF is expected to increase the output power of Tm:SrF₂ laser, thus achieving high power laser output. At present, the research on laser characteristics in ∼2 µm region is still in a preliminary stage. Song et al. have achieved passively Q-switched laser output using Tm:LuAG SCF as the gain medium with Cr:ZnSe saturable absorber, and Zu et al. have successfully demonstrated self-Q-switched pulsed laser output of Tm:CaF₂ SCF [26,27]. However, actively Q-switched laser based upon Tm³⁺-doped SCF has not been studied.

In this work, 3 at.% Tm:SrF₂ SCF with excellent optical and physical properties was grown by temperature gradient method. By employing acousto-optic-modulator (AOM), actively Q-switched Tm:SrF₂ SCF lasers at different modulation frequencies were firstly generated. Pumped by a 792-nm-LD, 51 ns pulse width and 1.32 mJ single pulse energy were realized under the absorbed pump power of 2.60 W.

2. Experimental setup

The schematic diagram was presented in Fig. 1. In this experiment, the Tm:SrF₂ SCF without coating was used as gain medium, in which the doping concentration of Tm³⁺-ions was 3 at.%. The shape of Tm:SrF₂ SCF was a transparent cylinder with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 5 mm. A fiber-coupled (105 µm core diameter, NA = 0.22) LD emitting at 792 nm was acted as the excitation source. Through a 1:2 coupling system, the pump light was focused on the Tm:SrF₂ SCF. To remove generated heat, the Tm:SrF₂ SCF was wrapped in thin indium and placed in a copper block fixture connected to a 12 °C water-cooled circulation system. A 95.5 mm plane-concave cavity was used to generate the laser. The input mirror M1 was anti-reflection coated at 0.78-0.81 µm and high-reflection coated at 1.9-2.0 µm. An output coupler (OC) with a curvature radius of 100 mm was used as M2 with transmittances of 2% and 5% in 1.9-2.0 µm. Then, the AOM (QS027-4M-AP1) with a length of 46 mm was inserted into the cavity to achieve pulsed laser, which were coated at ∼2 µm anti-reflection film on two ends, and driven by a radio frequency was 27.12 MHz at the power of 50 W.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of actively Q-switched Tm:SrF₂ laser.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

3. Results and discussion

The characteristics of laser were studied with different transmittances. Firstly, the CW laser was operated of Tm:SrF₂ SCF without modulator. Among them, the gain medium has an absorption efficiency of 37% for pump light. The output power was measured by a 30 A-SH-V1 (Israel) laser power meter, which varies with the pump power as shown in Fig. 2. Using an OC with a transmittance of 2%, the maximum output power was 1.44 W under the absorbed pump power of 2.60 W, corresponding to the slope efficiency of 60.7%. The 1.37 W output power and the 61.3% slope efficiency were obtained at 5% OC. Such a high slope efficiency should be caused by a cross relaxation phenomenon of Tm³⁺ ions in the transition process. This individual phenomenon means one pumped photon was able to excited two active ions, thus improving the quantum efficiency. Placed AOM in the cavity, by controlling the pulse repetition frequency (PRF), a stable AO Q-switched pulsed laser was obtained at the absorbed pump power of 373 mW with 2% OC. The low oscillation threshold of pulsed laser was 548 mW with transmittance of 5% OC. Under the transmittances of T = 2% and 5% OCs, the maximum outputs reached 563 mW and 658 mW at the repetition rate of 500 Hz. The corresponding maximum output powers were 639 mW and 732 mW with the repetition rate of 1 kHz. In experiment, there is no obvious fluctuation in the power meter, which proves that the stability of the Q-switched pulsed laser. With the absorbed pump power further increasing, pulse train became unstable and the pulse width was no longer narrowed. In order to protect the AOM, we did not continue to increase the absorbed pump power.

Fig. 2. Output power of (a) CW and (b) Q-switched laser versus absorbed pump power.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Through an optical spectrum analyzer (SOL-MS3504i) with a resolution of 0.34 nm, we measured the output spectra of CW and pulsed lasers. As shown in Fig. 3, the central wavelengths of CW lasers at the transmittances of 2% and 5% OCs were 1971.8 nm and 1935.1 nm, corresponding to the spectra center were recorded as 1957.5 nm and 1934.2 nm in Q-switched lasers respectively. Both on CW and pulsed lasers, it was obvious that a blue shift of the central wavelengths occurred when we used higher OC transmittance, which may be caused by the larger loss of higher transmittance OC. Due to the loss resulted by the insertion of AOM, the central wavelengths of the pulsed lasers have a blue shift relative to the CW lasers.

Fig. 3. The spectra of CW and Q-switched lasers at different OCs.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

With the increase of absorbed pump power, the number of inversion particles in the gain medium will augment at the same repetition rate, resulting in a narrower pulse width, as exhibited in the Fig. 4(a). Therefore, a laser with narrowest pulse width was obtained when the absorption pump power was 2.6 W. For T = 5% OC, pulsed lasers with pulse width of 119 ns and 51 ns were demonstrated under the PRFs of 1 kHz and 500 Hz. The maximum single pulse energy was shown in Fig. 4(b), which were 0.73 mJ and 1.32 mJ, corresponding the peak power were 6.16 kW and 25.85 kW respectively. By employing T = 2% OC, the shortest pulse widths were acquired as 174 ns and 64 ns with the highest single pulse energies of 0.64 mJ and 1.13 mJ at 1 kHz and 500 Hz PRFs. The peak power of 3.68 kW and 17.68 kW were obtained, respectively. The experimental results under different frequency and transmittances were summarized in Table 1.

Fig. 4. (a) Pulse width, (b) single pulse energy and (c) peak power at different frequency and OCs.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Table 1. Summarizes the characteristics of Tm:SrF₂ SCF AO Q-switched laser.

View Table

The pulse trains were recorded through a 1 GHz digital oscilloscope (Tektronix DPO4104). Compared with the data in Table 1, we can clearly observe that the power of the laser is higher and the pulse width is narrower when the OC has 5% transmittance. When the absorbed pump power was 2.60 W, the pulse train at different modulation frequencies and different scales were shown in Fig. 5. The laser M² were measured by the 90/10 knife-edge method, which were 1.81 and 1.85 in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, as shown in Fig. 6. Further modified the resonator, the beam quality may be improved. The illustration shows the laser-beam profile and the 3D light-intensity distribution were recorded by a detector (NS2-Pyro/9/5-PRO, Photon).

Fig. 5. Pulse train using 5% transmittance OC.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6. M² and spatial beam profile.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

4. Conclusion

We have reported a near 2 µm pulsed laser based on Tm:SrF₂ SCF material. As a novel gain medium, SCF combines the strengths of traditional bulk crystal and glass fiber, so it has a good prospect in the realization of high energy compact pulse lasers. In this paper, a 1.32 mJ AO Q-switched laser was demonstrated with the repetition rate of 500 Hz, corresponding the narrowest pulse width of 51 ns and maximum peak power of 25.85 kW. These results show that Tm:SrF₂ SCF has great potential to achieve high energy and short pulse durations in near 2 µm region pulsed laser.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974220, 61925508); Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA25020312); CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team (JCTD-2019-12); Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20501110300, 20511107400).

Disclosures

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

References

1. A. Godard, “Infrared (2–12 µm) solid-state laser sources: a review,” Comptes Rendus Phys. 8(10), 1100–1128 (2007). [CrossRef]

2. J. Ma, Z. P. Qin, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Qian, and D. Y. Tang, “Review of mid-infrared mode-locked laser sources in the 2.0 µm–3.5 µm spectral region,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 6(2), 021317 (2019). [CrossRef]

3. A. N. Belyaev, A. N. Chabushkin, S. A. Khrushchalina, O. A. Kuznetsova, A. A. Lyapin, K. N. Romanov, and P. A. Ryabochkina, “Investigation of endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins in vitro using 1.885-µm laser radiation,” Lasers Med. Sci. 31(3), 503–510 (2016). [CrossRef]

4. W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021). [CrossRef]

5. L. J. Li, X. N. Yang, L. Zhou, W. Q. Xie, Y. L. Wang, Y. J. Shen, Y. Q. Yang, W. L. Yang, W. Wang, Z. W. Lv, X. M. Duan, and M. H. Chen, “Active/passive Q-switching operation of 2 µm Tm,Ho:YAP laser with an acousto-optical Q-switch/MoS₂ saturable absorber mirror,” Photonics Res. 6(6), 614–619 (2018). [CrossRef]

6. A. V. Pushkin, M. M. Mazur, A. A. Sirotkin, V. V. Firsov, and F. V. Potemkin, “Powerful 3-µm lasers acousto-optically Q-switched with KYW and KGW crystals,” Opt. Lett. 44(19), 4837–4840 (2019). [CrossRef]

7. J. L. Wang, Q. S. Song, Y. W. Sun, Y. G. Zhao, W. Zhou, D. Z. Li, X. D. Xu, C. F. Shen, W. C. Yao, L. Wang, J. Xu, and D. Y. Shen, “High-performance Ho:YAG single-crystal fiber laser in-band pumped by a Tm-doped all-fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 44(2), 455–458 (2019). [CrossRef]

8. S. Bera, C. D. Nie, M. G. Soskind, and J. A. Harrington, “Optimizing alignment and growth of low-loss YAG single crystal fibers using laser heated pedestal growth technique,” Appl. Opt. 56(35), 9649–9655 (2017). [CrossRef]

9. Y. Liu, Z. J. Liu, Z. H. Cong, S. S. Zhang, Z. G. Zhao, S. J. Men, and H. Rao, “72.3 W 1064 nm Nd:YAG single crystal fiber laser and intracavity double frequency generation,” J. Russ. Laser Res. 41(2), 191–196 (2020). [CrossRef]

10. Y. X. Wang, S. Z. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. R. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “High-efficiency ∼2 µm CW laser operation of LD-pumped Tm³⁺:CaF₂ single-crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 28(5), 6684–6695 (2020). [CrossRef]

11. Y. Dai, Z. H. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, L. B. Su, J. Li, C. Y. Lo, and A. H. Wu, “Growth of Tm:Lu₃Al₅O₁₂ single crystal fiber from transparent ceramics by laser-heated pedestal method and its spectral properties,” Opt. Mater. 111, 110674 (2021). [CrossRef]

12. M. Y. Zong, X. J. Yang, J. J. Liu, Z. Zhang, S. Z. Jiang, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Er:CaF₂ single-crystal fiber Q-switched laser with diode pumping in the mid-infrared region,” J. Lumin. 227, 117519 (2020). [CrossRef]

13. Z. H. Zhang, S. Z. Wang, X. Y. Feng, Q. H. Wu, X. B. Qian, A. H. Wu, J. Liu, B. C. Mei, and L. B. Su, “Growth, characterization, and efficient continuous-wave laser operation in Nd,Gd:CaF₂ single-crystal fibers,” Cryst. Growth Des. 20(10), 6329–6336 (2020). [CrossRef]

14. G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017). [CrossRef]

15. R. Fartas, M. Diaf, I. R. Martin, F. Paz-Buclatin, and J. P. Jouart, “Near infrared and upconversion luminescence of Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺codoped CdF₂ single crystals,” J. Lumin. 228, 117594 (2020). [CrossRef]

16. M. E. Doroshenko, K. A. Pierpoint, O. K. Alimov, A. G. Papashvili, V. A. Konyushkin, and A. N. Nakladov, “Formation of Tm-Y centers in CaF₂-YF₃:Tm³⁺ solid-solution crystals,” J. Lumin. 208, 475–478 (2019). [CrossRef]

17. X. H. Li, Q. Q. Hao, D. P. Jiang, Q. H. Wu, Z. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Smooth and flat photoluminescence spectra of Nd³⁺ active ions in tri-doped CaF₂ single crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 10(3), 704–714 (2020). [CrossRef]

18. M. Y. Zong, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, Z. Zhang, J. J. Liu, Y. Q. Ge, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Broadband nonlinear optical response of graphdiyne for mid-infrared solid-state lasers,” Sci. China: Phys., Mech. Astron. 64(9), 294214 (2021). [CrossRef]

19. J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF₂ lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019). [CrossRef]

20. I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF₂, BaF₂ and SrF₂ crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015). [CrossRef]

21. X. Liu, K. Yang, S. Zhao, T. Li, G. Li, D. Li, X. Guo, B. Zhao, L. Zheng, L. Su, J. Xu, and J. Bian, “Kilo-hertz-level Q-switched laser characteristics of a Tm,Y:CaF₂ crystal,” Opt. Mater. Express 7(12), 4352–4357 (2017). [CrossRef]

22. W. W. Ma, X. B. Qian, J. Y. Wang, J. J. Liu, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, L. B. Su, and J. Xu, “Highly efficient dual-wavelength mid-infrared CW Laser in diode end-pumped Er:SrF₂ single crystals,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 36635 (2016). [CrossRef]

23. J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Y. Q. Zu, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, X. S. Guo, X. B. Qian, and L. B. Su, “Efficient continuous-wave, broadly tunable and passive Q-switching lasers based on a Tm³⁺:CaF₂ crystal,” Laser Phys. Lett. 15(4), 045803 (2018). [CrossRef]

24. Z. Zhang, F. K. Ma, X. S. Guo, J. Y. Wang, X. B. Qian, J. J. Liu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Mid-infrared spectral properties and laser performance of Er³⁺ doped Ca_xSr_1-xF₂ single crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 8(12), 3820–3828 (2018). [CrossRef]

25. A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3⁺:SrF₂,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018). [CrossRef]

26. Q. Song, X. Xu, Z. Zhou, B. Xu, D. Li, P. Liu, J. Xu, and K. Lebbou, “Laser operation in a Tm:LuAG crystal grown by the micro-pulling-down technique,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30(22), 1913–1916 (2018). [CrossRef]

27. Y. Q. Zu, M. Y. Zong, Y. X. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, A. H. Wu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Self-Q-switched and broad wavelength-tunable lasing in Tm³⁺-doped CaF₂ single-crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Express 13(10), 102003 (2020). [CrossRef]

Previous Article Next Article

References

View by:
Article Order
Year
Author
Publication

A. Godard, “Infrared (2–12 µm) solid-state laser sources: a review,” Comptes Rendus Phys. 8(10), 1100–1128 (2007).
[Crossref]
J. Ma, Z. P. Qin, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Qian, and D. Y. Tang, “Review of mid-infrared mode-locked laser sources in the 2.0 µm–3.5 µm spectral region,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 6(2), 021317 (2019).
[Crossref]
A. N. Belyaev, A. N. Chabushkin, S. A. Khrushchalina, O. A. Kuznetsova, A. A. Lyapin, K. N. Romanov, and P. A. Ryabochkina, “Investigation of endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins in vitro using 1.885-µm laser radiation,” Lasers Med. Sci. 31(3), 503–510 (2016).
[Crossref]
W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]
L. J. Li, X. N. Yang, L. Zhou, W. Q. Xie, Y. L. Wang, Y. J. Shen, Y. Q. Yang, W. L. Yang, W. Wang, Z. W. Lv, X. M. Duan, and M. H. Chen, “Active/passive Q-switching operation of 2 µm Tm,Ho:YAP laser with an acousto-optical Q-switch/MoS2 saturable absorber mirror,” Photonics Res. 6(6), 614–619 (2018).
[Crossref]
A. V. Pushkin, M. M. Mazur, A. A. Sirotkin, V. V. Firsov, and F. V. Potemkin, “Powerful 3-µm lasers acousto-optically Q-switched with KYW and KGW crystals,” Opt. Lett. 44(19), 4837–4840 (2019).
[Crossref]
J. L. Wang, Q. S. Song, Y. W. Sun, Y. G. Zhao, W. Zhou, D. Z. Li, X. D. Xu, C. F. Shen, W. C. Yao, L. Wang, J. Xu, and D. Y. Shen, “High-performance Ho:YAG single-crystal fiber laser in-band pumped by a Tm-doped all-fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 44(2), 455–458 (2019).
[Crossref]
S. Bera, C. D. Nie, M. G. Soskind, and J. A. Harrington, “Optimizing alignment and growth of low-loss YAG single crystal fibers using laser heated pedestal growth technique,” Appl. Opt. 56(35), 9649–9655 (2017).
[Crossref]
Y. Liu, Z. J. Liu, Z. H. Cong, S. S. Zhang, Z. G. Zhao, S. J. Men, and H. Rao, “72.3 W 1064 nm Nd:YAG single crystal fiber laser and intracavity double frequency generation,” J. Russ. Laser Res. 41(2), 191–196 (2020).
[Crossref]
Y. X. Wang, S. Z. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. R. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “High-efficiency ∼2 µm CW laser operation of LD-pumped Tm3+:CaF2 single-crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 28(5), 6684–6695 (2020).
[Crossref]
Y. Dai, Z. H. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, L. B. Su, J. Li, C. Y. Lo, and A. H. Wu, “Growth of Tm:Lu3Al5O12 single crystal fiber from transparent ceramics by laser-heated pedestal method and its spectral properties,” Opt. Mater. 111, 110674 (2021).
[Crossref]
M. Y. Zong, X. J. Yang, J. J. Liu, Z. Zhang, S. Z. Jiang, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Er:CaF2 single-crystal fiber Q-switched laser with diode pumping in the mid-infrared region,” J. Lumin. 227, 117519 (2020).
[Crossref]
Z. H. Zhang, S. Z. Wang, X. Y. Feng, Q. H. Wu, X. B. Qian, A. H. Wu, J. Liu, B. C. Mei, and L. B. Su, “Growth, characterization, and efficient continuous-wave laser operation in Nd,Gd:CaF2 single-crystal fibers,” Cryst. Growth Des. 20(10), 6329–6336 (2020).
[Crossref]
G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]
R. Fartas, M. Diaf, I. R. Martin, F. Paz-Buclatin, and J. P. Jouart, “Near infrared and upconversion luminescence of Tm3+-Yb3+codoped CdF2 single crystals,” J. Lumin. 228, 117594 (2020).
[Crossref]
M. E. Doroshenko, K. A. Pierpoint, O. K. Alimov, A. G. Papashvili, V. A. Konyushkin, and A. N. Nakladov, “Formation of Tm-Y centers in CaF2-YF3:Tm3+ solid-solution crystals,” J. Lumin. 208, 475–478 (2019).
[Crossref]
X. H. Li, Q. Q. Hao, D. P. Jiang, Q. H. Wu, Z. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Smooth and flat photoluminescence spectra of Nd3+ active ions in tri-doped CaF2 single crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 10(3), 704–714 (2020).
[Crossref]
M. Y. Zong, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, Z. Zhang, J. J. Liu, Y. Q. Ge, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Broadband nonlinear optical response of graphdiyne for mid-infrared solid-state lasers,” Sci. China: Phys., Mech. Astron. 64(9), 294214 (2021).
[Crossref]
J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]
I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015).
[Crossref]
X. Liu, K. Yang, S. Zhao, T. Li, G. Li, D. Li, X. Guo, B. Zhao, L. Zheng, L. Su, J. Xu, and J. Bian, “Kilo-hertz-level Q-switched laser characteristics of a Tm,Y:CaF2 crystal,” Opt. Mater. Express 7(12), 4352–4357 (2017).
[Crossref]
W. W. Ma, X. B. Qian, J. Y. Wang, J. J. Liu, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, L. B. Su, and J. Xu, “Highly efficient dual-wavelength mid-infrared CW Laser in diode end-pumped Er:SrF2 single crystals,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 36635 (2016).
[Crossref]
J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Y. Q. Zu, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, X. S. Guo, X. B. Qian, and L. B. Su, “Efficient continuous-wave, broadly tunable and passive Q-switching lasers based on a Tm3+:CaF2 crystal,” Laser Phys. Lett. 15(4), 045803 (2018).
[Crossref]
Z. Zhang, F. K. Ma, X. S. Guo, J. Y. Wang, X. B. Qian, J. J. Liu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Mid-infrared spectral properties and laser performance of Er3+ doped CaxSr1-xF2 single crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 8(12), 3820–3828 (2018).
[Crossref]
A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]
Q. Song, X. Xu, Z. Zhou, B. Xu, D. Li, P. Liu, J. Xu, and K. Lebbou, “Laser operation in a Tm:LuAG crystal grown by the micro-pulling-down technique,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30(22), 1913–1916 (2018).
[Crossref]
Y. Q. Zu, M. Y. Zong, Y. X. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, A. H. Wu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Self-Q-switched and broad wavelength-tunable lasing in Tm3+-doped CaF2 single-crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Express 13(10), 102003 (2020).
[Crossref]

2021 (3)

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Y. Dai, Z. H. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, L. B. Su, J. Li, C. Y. Lo, and A. H. Wu, “Growth of Tm:Lu3Al5O12 single crystal fiber from transparent ceramics by laser-heated pedestal method and its spectral properties,” Opt. Mater. 111, 110674 (2021).
[Crossref]

M. Y. Zong, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, Z. Zhang, J. J. Liu, Y. Q. Ge, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Broadband nonlinear optical response of graphdiyne for mid-infrared solid-state lasers,” Sci. China: Phys., Mech. Astron. 64(9), 294214 (2021).
[Crossref]

2020 (7)

Y. Q. Zu, M. Y. Zong, Y. X. Wang, Z. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, A. H. Wu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Self-Q-switched and broad wavelength-tunable lasing in Tm3+-doped CaF2 single-crystal fiber,” Appl. Phys. Express 13(10), 102003 (2020).
[Crossref]

M. Y. Zong, X. J. Yang, J. J. Liu, Z. Zhang, S. Z. Jiang, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Er:CaF2 single-crystal fiber Q-switched laser with diode pumping in the mid-infrared region,” J. Lumin. 227, 117519 (2020).
[Crossref]

Z. H. Zhang, S. Z. Wang, X. Y. Feng, Q. H. Wu, X. B. Qian, A. H. Wu, J. Liu, B. C. Mei, and L. B. Su, “Growth, characterization, and efficient continuous-wave laser operation in Nd,Gd:CaF2 single-crystal fibers,” Cryst. Growth Des. 20(10), 6329–6336 (2020).
[Crossref]

R. Fartas, M. Diaf, I. R. Martin, F. Paz-Buclatin, and J. P. Jouart, “Near infrared and upconversion luminescence of Tm3+-Yb3+codoped CdF2 single crystals,” J. Lumin. 228, 117594 (2020).
[Crossref]

X. H. Li, Q. Q. Hao, D. P. Jiang, Q. H. Wu, Z. Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Smooth and flat photoluminescence spectra of Nd3+ active ions in tri-doped CaF2 single crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 10(3), 704–714 (2020).
[Crossref]

Y. Liu, Z. J. Liu, Z. H. Cong, S. S. Zhang, Z. G. Zhao, S. J. Men, and H. Rao, “72.3 W 1064 nm Nd:YAG single crystal fiber laser and intracavity double frequency generation,” J. Russ. Laser Res. 41(2), 191–196 (2020).
[Crossref]

Y. X. Wang, S. Z. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, R. R. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “High-efficiency ∼2 µm CW laser operation of LD-pumped Tm3+:CaF2 single-crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 28(5), 6684–6695 (2020).
[Crossref]

2019 (5)

A. V. Pushkin, M. M. Mazur, A. A. Sirotkin, V. V. Firsov, and F. V. Potemkin, “Powerful 3-µm lasers acousto-optically Q-switched with KYW and KGW crystals,” Opt. Lett. 44(19), 4837–4840 (2019).
[Crossref]

J. L. Wang, Q. S. Song, Y. W. Sun, Y. G. Zhao, W. Zhou, D. Z. Li, X. D. Xu, C. F. Shen, W. C. Yao, L. Wang, J. Xu, and D. Y. Shen, “High-performance Ho:YAG single-crystal fiber laser in-band pumped by a Tm-doped all-fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 44(2), 455–458 (2019).
[Crossref]

J. Ma, Z. P. Qin, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Qian, and D. Y. Tang, “Review of mid-infrared mode-locked laser sources in the 2.0 µm–3.5 µm spectral region,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 6(2), 021317 (2019).
[Crossref]

M. E. Doroshenko, K. A. Pierpoint, O. K. Alimov, A. G. Papashvili, V. A. Konyushkin, and A. N. Nakladov, “Formation of Tm-Y centers in CaF2-YF3:Tm3+ solid-solution crystals,” J. Lumin. 208, 475–478 (2019).
[Crossref]

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

2018 (5)

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Y. Q. Zu, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, X. S. Guo, X. B. Qian, and L. B. Su, “Efficient continuous-wave, broadly tunable and passive Q-switching lasers based on a Tm3+:CaF2 crystal,” Laser Phys. Lett. 15(4), 045803 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Zhang, F. K. Ma, X. S. Guo, J. Y. Wang, X. B. Qian, J. J. Liu, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “Mid-infrared spectral properties and laser performance of Er3+ doped CaxSr1-xF2 single crystals,” Opt. Mater. Express 8(12), 3820–3828 (2018).
[Crossref]

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Q. Song, X. Xu, Z. Zhou, B. Xu, D. Li, P. Liu, J. Xu, and K. Lebbou, “Laser operation in a Tm:LuAG crystal grown by the micro-pulling-down technique,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30(22), 1913–1916 (2018).
[Crossref]

L. J. Li, X. N. Yang, L. Zhou, W. Q. Xie, Y. L. Wang, Y. J. Shen, Y. Q. Yang, W. L. Yang, W. Wang, Z. W. Lv, X. M. Duan, and M. H. Chen, “Active/passive Q-switching operation of 2 µm Tm,Ho:YAP laser with an acousto-optical Q-switch/MoS2 saturable absorber mirror,” Photonics Res. 6(6), 614–619 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (3)

S. Bera, C. D. Nie, M. G. Soskind, and J. A. Harrington, “Optimizing alignment and growth of low-loss YAG single crystal fibers using laser heated pedestal growth technique,” Appl. Opt. 56(35), 9649–9655 (2017).
[Crossref]

G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]

X. Liu, K. Yang, S. Zhao, T. Li, G. Li, D. Li, X. Guo, B. Zhao, L. Zheng, L. Su, J. Xu, and J. Bian, “Kilo-hertz-level Q-switched laser characteristics of a Tm,Y:CaF2 crystal,” Opt. Mater. Express 7(12), 4352–4357 (2017).
[Crossref]

2016 (2)

W. W. Ma, X. B. Qian, J. Y. Wang, J. J. Liu, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, L. B. Su, and J. Xu, “Highly efficient dual-wavelength mid-infrared CW Laser in diode end-pumped Er:SrF2 single crystals,” Sci. Rep. 6(1), 36635 (2016).
[Crossref]

A. N. Belyaev, A. N. Chabushkin, S. A. Khrushchalina, O. A. Kuznetsova, A. A. Lyapin, K. N. Romanov, and P. A. Ryabochkina, “Investigation of endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins in vitro using 1.885-µm laser radiation,” Lasers Med. Sci. 31(3), 503–510 (2016).
[Crossref]

2015 (1)

I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

A. Godard, “Infrared (2–12 µm) solid-state laser sources: a review,” Comptes Rendus Phys. 8(10), 1100–1128 (2007).
[Crossref]

Alimov, O. K.

Belyaev, A. N.

Bera, S.

Bertram, R.

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Bian, J.

Chabushkin, A. N.

Chen, M. H.

Cong, Z. H.

Dai, Y.

Damiano, E.

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Diaf, M.

Doroshenko, M. E.

Duan, X. M.

Fan, X. W.

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Fartas, R.

Feng, X. Y.

Firsov, V. V.

Ge, Y. Q.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Gebremichael, E.

G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]

Godard, A.

A. Godard, “Infrared (2–12 µm) solid-state laser sources: a review,” Comptes Rendus Phys. 8(10), 1100–1128 (2007).
[Crossref]

Guo, J.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Guo, X.

Guo, X. S.

Hao, Q. Q.

Harrington, J. A.

Huang, S. J.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Jiang, D. P.

Jiang, S. Z.

Jouart, J. P.

Khrushchalina, S. A.

Klimm, D.

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Konyushkin, V. A.

Kuznetsova, O. A.

Lebbou, K.

Li, D.

Li, D. K.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Li, D. Z.

Li, G.

Li, J.

Li, L. J.

Li, T.

Li, X. H.

Liu, D. H.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Liu, J.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Liu, J. J.

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Liu, P.

Liu, R. R.

Liu, W. X.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Liu, X.

Liu, Y.

Liu, Z. J.

Lo, C. Y.

Lv, Z. W.

Lyapin, A. A.

Ma, F. K.

Ma, J.

Ma, W. W.

Magana, R.

G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]

Martin, I. R.

Maxwell, G.

G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]

Mazur, M. M.

Mei, B. C.

Men, S. J.

Nakladov, A. N.

Nie, C. D.

Palashov, O. V.

I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015).
[Crossref]

Papashvili, A. G.

Paz-Buclatin, F.

Pierpoint, K. A.

Ponting, B.

G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]

Potemkin, F. V.

Pushkin, A. V.

Qian, L. J.

Qian, X. B.

Qin, Z. P.

Rabe, M.

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Rao, H.

Romanov, K. N.

Ryabochkina, P. A.

Shen, C. F.

Shen, D. Y.

Shen, Y. J.

Sirotkin, A. A.

Snetkov, I. L.

I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015).
[Crossref]

Song, Q.

Song, Q. S.

Soskind, M. G.

Sottile, A.

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Su, L.

Su, L. B.

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Sun, Y. W.

Tang, D. Y.

Tonelli, M.

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Wang, J. L.

Wang, J. Y.

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Wang, L.

Wang, S. Z.

Wang, W.

Wang, Y. L.

Wang, Y. X.

Wu, A. H.

Wu, Q. H.

Xie, G. Q.

Xie, W. Q.

Xu, B.

Xu, J.

Xu, X.

Xu, X. D.

Yakovlev, A. I.

I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015).
[Crossref]

Yang, K.

Yang, W. L.

Yang, X. J.

Yang, X. N.

Yang, Y. Q.

Yao, W. C.

Zhang, C.

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Zhang, S. S.

Zhang, Z.

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Z. H.

Zhao, B.

Zhao, S.

Zhao, Y. G.

Zhao, Z. G.

Zheng, L.

Zhou, L.

Zhou, W.

Zhou, Z.

Zong, M. Y.

Zu, Y. Q.

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. Express (1)

Appl. Phys. Rev. (1)

Comptes Rendus Phys. (1)

A. Godard, “Infrared (2–12 µm) solid-state laser sources: a review,” Comptes Rendus Phys. 8(10), 1100–1128 (2007).
[Crossref]

Cryst. Growth Des. (1)

Crystals (1)

G. Maxwell, B. Ponting, E. Gebremichael, and R. Magana, “Advances in single-crystal fibers and thin rods grown by laser heated pedestal growth,” Crystals 7(1), 12 (2017).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

J. Lumin. (3)

J. Russ. Laser Res. (1)

Laser Phys. Lett. (2)

I. L. Snetkov, A. I. Yakovlev, and O. V. Palashov, “CaF2, BaF2 and SrF2 crystals’ optical anisotropy parameters,” Laser Phys. Lett. 12(9), 095001 (2015).
[Crossref]

Lasers Med. Sci. (1)

Opt. Express (2)

A. Sottile, E. Damiano, M. Rabe, R. Bertram, D. Klimm, and M. Tonelli, “Widely tunable, efficient 2 µm laser in monocrystalline Tm3+:SrF2,” Opt. Express 26(5), 5368–5380 (2018).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (3)

J. J. Liu, C. Zhang, Z. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. W. Fan, J. Liu, and L. B. Su, “1886-nm mode-locked and wavelength tunable Tm-doped CaF2 lasers,” Opt. Lett. 44(1), 134–137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Opt. Mater. (1)

Opt. Mater. Express (3)

Optik (1)

W. X. Liu, Y. Q. Zu, J. Guo, S. J. Huang, D. K. Li, J. Liu, D. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge, “Watt-level graphdiyne passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser at ∼2 µm,” Optik 242, 167208 (2021).
[Crossref]

Photonics Res. (1)

Sci. China: Phys., Mech. Astron. (1)

Sci. Rep. (1)

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Cited By

Optica participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from Optica Publishing Group journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.

Click here to see a list of articles that cite this paper