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Genetic-algorithm-based deep neural networks for highly efficient photonic device design

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Abstract

While deep learning has demonstrated tremendous potential for photonic device design, it often demands a large amount of labeled data to train these deep neural network models. Preparing these data requires high-resolution numerical simulations or experimental measurements and cost significant, if not prohibitive, time and resources. In this work, we present a highly efficient inverse design method that combines deep neural networks with a genetic algorithm to optimize the geometry of photonic devices in the polar coordinate system. The method requires significantly less training data compared with previous inverse design methods. We implement this method to design several ultra-compact silicon photonics devices with challenging properties including power splitters with uncommon splitting ratios, a TE mode converter, and a broadband power splitter. These devices are free of the features beyond the capability of photolithography and generally in compliance with silicon photonics fabrication design rules.

© 2021 Chinese Laser Press

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Workflow of the GDNN algorithm developed in this paper.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Encoding process that uses polar vectors and design rule constrains as a parameter vector to describe the design of a given photonic device.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematic drawing of the DNN models of the forward and inverse design processes.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Design analyses of a power splitter with splitting ratio of 2:3: (a) the evolution of the qualified population proportion; (b) and (c) the FDTD simulation result of the best devices in the initial population and the final population; (d) the distribution of optical transmission of the initial population.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. GDNN design examples with transmission spectrum and FDTD simulation results: (a) a 1:2 power splitter, (b) a 1:1 power splitter, (c) a TE mode converter, and (d) a broadband power splitter.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Comparison of GAN and GDNN design results.

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Training Data Summary of the Designs in This Work

Equations (3)

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FOM = 1 4 | σ ( E × H 0 * + E 0 * × H ) · d σ | 2 σ Re ( E 0 × H 0 * ) · d σ ,
δ i k = E Z i k = j = 1 N ( E Z j k + 1 · Z j k + 1 Z i k ) = j = 1 N ( δ j k + 1 · Z j k + 1 Z i k ) ,
Δ x i = j = 1 N ( δ j 1 · Z j 1 x j ) = j = 1 N [ δ j 1 · f ( x j ) ] ,
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