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Realtime Photoacoustic Microscopy of Murine Cardiovascular Dynamics

R.J. Zemp, L. Song, R. Bitton, K.K. Shung, and L.V. Wang

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Non-invasive visualization of cardiovascular dynamics in small animals is challenging due to their rapid heart-rates. We present a realtime photoacoustic imaging system consisting of a 30-MHz ultrasound array transducer, receive electronics, a high-repetition-rate laser, and a multicore-computer, and demonstrate its ability to image optically-absorbing structures of the beating hearts of young athymic nude mice at rates of ~50 frames per second with 100 µm×25 µm spatial resolution. To our knowledge this is the first report of realtime photoacoustic imaging of physiological dynamics.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (2)

Media 1: MOV (1769 KB)     
Media 2: MOV (3189 KB)     

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Diagram of our photoacoustic imaging system. A tunable pulsed laser system delivers light via an optical fiber to the animal subject. A high frequency ultrasound array transducer (US Tx) receives the photoacoustic signals, which are amplified and de-multiplexed using custom receive electronics, then digitized using an 8-channel PCI data acquisition card. A computer with 8 processor cores performs realtime beamforming and display. A pulse oximeter (Pulse Ox) was used to monitor animal health and measure animal heart rates.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (Media 1) Video of the realtime photoacoustic imaging system and realtime display while imaging the beating heart of an athymic nude mouse.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (Media 2) Photoacoustic B-scan movie of the beating heart of an athymic nude mouse. This movie sequence was reconstructed and rendered offline using data archived in realtime.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. M-mode image along the X=0 mm line in Fig. 3. The oscillating structures around the 9-mm depth below the transducer surface show the cardiac motion as a function of time. The animal’s heart estimated here as ~3 beats per second corresponded well to the 180 beats per minute as measured by the pulse oximeter.

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