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Synchronous gating in dilation x-ray detector without 1:1 image ratio

Houzhi Cai, Wenyong Fu, Dong Wang, Yunfei Lei, and Jinyuan Liu

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

An x-ray detector using a pulse-dilation technology to achieve high temporal resolution is reported. The electron pulse generated from the photo-cathode (PC) is first dilated by a pulse-dilation device and then imaged onto the microchannel plate (MCP) by a magnetic lens imaging system. Finally, the dilated electron pulse is detected by a gated MCP. A resolution of 14 ps is achieved. In addition, the synchronous gating is studied in the dilation x-ray detector without a 1:1 image ratio. The results show that while the time of flight (TOF) of the electrons is identical, the MCP gating pulse can be timed relative to the PC excitation pulse to gate the dilated electron signal in a single area, and they are unsynchronized in the other area. To avoid the single area synchronization effect, the magnetic lens imaging system used in the detector should allow photoelectrons with a large energy spread to be imaged onto the MCP. This effect can also be reduced by using an MCP gating pulse with a width larger than 500 ps. Moreover, a 1:1 image ratio can avoid this effect. Furthermore, a decreasing electron TOF can eliminate the single area synchronization effect.

© 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Time-resolved x-ray detector. (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Photograph.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Photograph of the transmission x-ray PC. The labels A and B represent different positions on the middle PC. Point A is 25 mm from the PC left-most, point B is 40 mm from A.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Wave forms of the pulses. (a) PC excitation pulse with gradient of 3.1 V/ps. (b) MCP gating pulse with amplitude of −1.8 kV and width of 225 ps.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The schematic diagrams of the synchronous gating. The excitation pulse transmits on the PC and the gating pulse on the MCP. (a) The image ratio is 1:1, the transmission directions of the PC excitation pulse and the MCP gating pulse are the same. (b) The image ratio is 2:1, the transmission directions of the two pulses are the same. (c) The image ratio is 2:1, the two pulses travel with opposite directions.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) Schematic diagram of the experimental setup. (b) The array of the fiber bunch output port. The shortest fiber is labeled number one. The delay time is increased by 10 ps, while the fiber number adds by one.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a) Static image, while −3 kV DC bias without excitation pulse is applied on the PC, and the MCP is applied with −700 V. There is a spatial distance of 0.25 mm between each two adjacent images. (b) Gating image with pulse-dilation in point A, the PC is applied with an excitation pulse plus −3 kV DC bias, and a DC bias of −400 V overlapped by a gating pulse are applied on the MCP. (c) Signal out of the gating image in (b).

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 (a) Gating image without pulse-dilation in point B. (b) Gating image with pulse-dilation in point B. (c) Signal out of the gating image in (a). (d) Signal out of the gating image in (b).

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 The results while the pulses travel with the opposite directions. (a) Gating image with pulse-dilation in point A. (b) Gating image with pulse-dilation in point B. (c) Signals out of the gating images in (a) and (b).

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