Abstract
Many functional processes in condensed matter involve atomic motions and charge relocations on ultrashort time scales. Ultrafast spectroscopy has given insight into the dynamics of such events but provides – if at all – very limited structural information. In contrast, x-ray diffraction methods with a femtosecond time resolution allow for spatially resolving transient structures and charge distributions in a most direct way. This knowledge is highly relevant for understanding the structure-function relationship of crystalline materials. Femtosecond x-ray diffraction is based on a pump-probe approach in which a femtosecond pump pulse initiates the structural change and a delayed hard x-ray pulse is diffracted from the excited sample to generate a diffraction pattern reflecting the momentary crystal structure [1]. In particular, transient x-ray powder diffraction patterns consist of many reflections measured simultaneously and, thus, allow for deriving time-dependent electron density maps [2].
© 2013 IEEE
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