Abstract
Atomic vapours provide convenient frequency references, made precise when insensitive to the Doppler-broadening, and there is a growing technological need to fabricate compact atomic clocks [1]. Various technological reasons, including chemical and adsorption processes, may limit the confinement of a vapour, but an intrinsic limit lies in the mesoscopic nature of a confined gas, when the walls confine the atomic motion.
© 2011 IEEE
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