Abstract
1×2 branching modulators1,2 and 2×2 digital switches3 are of interest due to their step-like response. We report results on branching modulators at 0.83μm which were made by the annealed proton exchange process in LiTaO3 in order to take advantage of its superior photorefractive behavior4 The modulators are intended for use in a space communications program. Adiabatic devices have been modeled by direct calculation with step models, the beam propagation method, Fourier analysis, and by approximate methods using normal modes represented from coupled mode theory (CMT).5 We focus on the latter approach here as it is simple to use and required CMT parameters can be experimentally obtained. We show that the model gives a reasonable description of the experimental results. We also demonstrate that crosstalk in these devices (with linear branches) is linearly proportional to the voltage-length product.
© 1992 Optical Society of America
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