Abstract
By use of very high index ratios between the cladding and guide, Ultra High Confinement (UHC) waveguides1 can be created, leading to compact devices and sharp bends. Furthermore, with the use of diffractive optics, these Very Large Scale Integrated Optical (VLSIO) circuits’ can be interconnected in three dimensional stacks with high density connectivity. A non-uniform grating coupler between a compact waveguide mode and a large Gaussian profile single mode beam is designed and tested. This coupler is a critica1 component for interconnects, allowing efficient coupling between various beam shapes and compact devices. The size of UHC integrated optical devices is 10 to 100 times smaller per cubic wavelength than present waveguides and resonators, resulting in much higher speed and lower power. These UHC waveguides and components are analyzed using 3D Vector Field Finite Element Methods and microwave scaled experiment.3
© 1996 Optical Society of America
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