Abstract
To a first approximation, a single photon incident upon an ideal beam splitter will either be transmitted or reflected. It was recently shown[l], however, that any beam splitter has some probability of splitting an incident photon into two secondary photons, conserving energy in the process. This effect does not depend on any nonlinear properties of the material in the beam splitter but is, instead, an unavoidable consequence of the quantisation of the electromagnetic field.
© 1996 Optical Society of America
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