Abstract
The demand for high-speed digital communication such as data, video, and the broadband In-ternet increases, the required throughput of the modules in communications systems1 will also increase. Fast transmitter and receiver modules are basic elements of these systems, which should be able to transmit terabits/s of information via the fiber. Such technologies in turn rely strongly on advanced opto electronically technologies, and the progress made in integrated optics. With rapidly increasing market demand for the use of these technologies and access to the information highway, the next challenge in optical communications is to provide high coupling efficiency in stable modules at affordable prices.
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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