Abstract
One answer to capacity demand in long-haul transmission systems relies on the multiplication of 10 Gbit/s WDM channels but with the constraint of maximized spectral efficiency. Disper sion Management (DM) was recently proven to be a very efficient technique to achieve such dense WDM long-haul transmissions with capacities in excess of 3 Tbit/s.1 An alternative for upgrading systems total capacity while reducing its complexity and cost relies on the increase in channel line-rate (i.e. 40 Gbit/s). Experimental demonstration of such long-haul 40 Gbit/s-based WDM transmission with high spectral efficiencies have recently been reported.2 However, the maximum achievable transmission distance is seen to decrease with increasing channel bit-rate (4500 km for N × 40 Gbit/s systems3), as a consequence of ever-growing propagation impairments such as optical signal-to-noise (OSNR) degradation, jitter accumulation, polarization mode dispersion (PMD) or nonlinear mixing between WDM channels. Regardless the type of applications, Optical 3R Regeneration (Re-amplification, Re-timing and Re-shaping) (OR) appears as a key technique to face the challenges of capacity, transmission distance and optical networks scalability increase. Indeed, its effect is to suitably control the data pulse characteristics but also to enhance or restore the OSNR.
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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