Abstract
The recent explosive increase in data traffic has triggered the widespread installation of dual-wavelength-band WDM transmission systems that use the C band (1530 to 1565 nm) and the L band (1565 to 1625 nm). The next obvious step is to use the third wavelength band to fully utilize the low-loss window of optical fibers which lies from 1450 to 1650 nm (< 0.3 dB/km). Figure 1 sum-marizes ITU-T band definitions and the gain bands of several reported optical amplifiers. In addition to EDFAs for the C band and gain-shifted (GS) EDFAs for the L band, TDFAs1 and GS-TDFAs for the S band2 have been reported. Two types of EDTFAs have been reported: one covers the C band and part of the L band, 3 while the other covers almost the whole L band.4 Discrete Raman amplifiers (RA) have been reported that cover the wavelength regions not covered by rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers.5,6 Almost the entire low-loss window can now be covered by optical amplifier technologies. However, it has been pointed that, in multi-wavelength-band WDM transmission, inter-wavelength-band nonlinear interactions can degrade the transmission performance, especially on dispersion-shifted fibers (DSF) and two types of non-zero DSFs.7
© 2002 Optical Society of America
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