Abstract
In an earlier work,1 we investigated quantum- classical correspondence in below-threshold ionization from the ground state of the Duffing potential by analyzing the dynamical results from integration of the Schrödinger equation and a corresponding classical ensemble. Comparison between the quantum and classical dynamics for the same system was quantitative. Subsequently,2 we demonstrated qualitative agreement between our classical ensemble results, which were obtained by using the onedimensional hydrogen-atom potential, with the corresponding results of Eberly et al.,3 who integrated the Schrödinger equation. In this case, ionization suppression was predicted with increasing field strength and frequency, both classically as well as quantum-mechanically. Wave-function localization was shown to correspond to trapping of orbits of the ensemble from field-induced oscillations of the potential. Apart from illuminating the nature of quantum-classical correspondence for various conditions, the classical ensemble dynamics has proven to be quite useful in the interpretation of aspects of the quantum results. The agreement between quantum and classical dynamics is not surprising for intense field conditions because of the large numbers of photons involved. It is also important in numerical simulations to ascertain under what conditions and to what accuracy classical formulation can be exploited. This exploitation, of course, excludes such features as the effects of energy-level structure, multiphoton processes, and other purely quantum-mechanical aspects that cannot be adequately addressed by classical dynamics.
© 1991 Optical Society of America
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