Abstract
<b>The first part of this two-part review focused on the fundamental and
diagnostics aspects of laser-induced plasmas, only touching briefly upon
concepts such as sensitivity and detection limits and largely omitting any
discussion of the vast panorama of the practical applications of the technique.
Clearly a true LIBS community has emerged, which promises to quicken the pace of
LIBS developments, applications, and implementations. With this second part, a
more applied flavor is taken, and its intended goal is summarizing the current
state-of-the-art of analytical LIBS, providing a contemporary snapshot of LIBS
applications, and highlighting new directions in laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy, such as novel approaches, instrumental developments, and advanced
use of chemometric tools. More specifically, we discuss instrumental and
analytical approaches (e.g., double- and multi-pulse LIBS to improve the
sensitivity), calibration-free approaches, hyphenated approaches in which
techniques such as Raman and fluorescence are coupled with LIBS to increase
sensitivity and information power, resonantly enhanced LIBS approaches, signal
processing and optimization (e.g., signal-to-noise analysis), and finally
applications. An attempt is made to provide an updated view of the role played
by LIBS in the various fields, with emphasis on applications considered to be
unique. We finally try to assess where LIBS is going as an analytical field,
where in our opinion it should go, and what should still be done for
consolidating the technique as a mature method of chemical
analysis.</b>
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