Method for the production of a compact source of atomic line spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet

Jennifer S. Hare; David M. Wilmouth; Jessica B. Smith; J. Eric Klobas; Darin W. Toohey; Reem A. Hannun; Jasna V. Pittman; James G. Anderson; James G. Anderson; James G. Anderson

doi:10.1364/AO.520905

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 13,
pp. 3685-3694
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.520905

Method for the production of a compact source of atomic line spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet

Jennifer S. Hare, David M. Wilmouth, Jessica B. Smith, J. Eric Klobas, Darin W. Toohey, Reem A. Hannun, Jasna V. Pittman, and James G. Anderson

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Jennifer S. Hare, David M. Wilmouth, Jessica B. Smith, J. Eric Klobas, Darin W. Toohey, Reem A. Hannun, Jasna V. Pittman, and James G. Anderson, "Method for the production of a compact source of atomic line spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet," Appl. Opt. 63, 3685-3694 (2024)

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Abstract

Atomic emission spectra provide a means to identify and to gain insight into the electronic structure of emitting or absorbing matter. Detailed procedures are provided for the construction of low-pressure electrodeless discharge lamps that yield targeted emission in the vacuum ultraviolet for the spectroscopic study of water vapor and halogen species aboard an array of airborne observation platforms in the upper atmosphere, as well as in laboratory environments. While specific to the production of Lyman-alpha, atomic chlorine, and atomic bromine emissions in this study, the configuration of the lamps and their interchangeability with respect to operation lend these procedures to constructing sources engaging a wide selection of atomic and molecular spectra with straightforward modifications. The features and limitations of each type of lamp are discussed, as well as methods to improve spectral purity and factors affecting operational lifetime.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper may be obtained from the authors upon request.

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Source	Wavelength (nm)	Ground State	Excited State	Atomic Transition Probability A_ki ( $10^{8} s^{- 1}$ )
Hydrogen	121.5668	$1 s (^{2} S_{1 / 2})$	$2 p (^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{\circ})$	6.2647
Hydrogen	121.5674	$1 s (^{2} S_{1 / 2})$	$2 p (^{2} P_{1 / 2}^{\circ})$	6.2648
Chlorine	118.8751	${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{5} (^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{\circ})$	${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{4} (^{1} D) 4 s (^{2} D_{3 / 2})$	0.271
	118.8774	${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{5} (^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{\circ})$	${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{4} (^{1} D) 4 s (^{2} D_{5 / 2})$	2.33
	134.7240	${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{5} (^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{\circ})$	${3 s}^{2} {3 p}^{4} (^{3} P) 4 s (^{2} P_{3 / 2})$	4.19
Bromine	131.7375	${4 s}^{2} {4 p}^{5} (^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{\circ})$	${4 s}^{2} {4 p}^{4} (^{1} D_{2}) 5 s (^{2} D_{3 / 2})$	0.28
Bromine	131.7691	${4 s}^{2} {4 p}^{5} (^{2} P_{3 / 2}^{\circ})$	${4 s}^{2} {4 p}^{4} (^{1} D_{2}) 5 s (^{2} D_{5 / 2})$	10
Oxygen	130.2168	${2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{4} (^{3} P_{2})$	${2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{3} (^{4} S) 3 s (^{3} S_{1}^{\circ})$	3.41
	130.4858	${2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{4} (^{3} P_{1})$	${2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{3} (^{4} S) 3 s (^{3} S_{1}^{\circ})$	2.03
	130.6029	${2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{4} (^{3} P_{0})$	${2 s}^{2} {2 p}^{3} (^{4} S) 3 s (^{3} S_{1}^{\circ})$	0.676

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Applied Optics