Abstract

Subject of study. We aim at the problem that the conventional pipeline leakage detection methods cannot meet the needs of oil and gas pipeline leakage detection at the present stage, combined with the application analysis of optical fiber pressure sensing in oil and gas pipeline detection. Method. A fiber Bragg grating pressure sensing system integrating a diaphragm and an L-shaped cantilever beam as a sensitive structure is designed for pressure change monitoring of an oil and gas pipeline in this paper. First, the sensitivity, temperature self-compensation effect, and static and dynamic characteristics of the sensor are analyzed theoretically. Combined with the negative pressure wave model, the pipeline leakage detection experimental system is constructed. Second, the data is denoised by the wavelet analysis method, and then the inflection point of the negative pressure wave is judged. Finally, the leakage point is located according to the data processing results. Main results. The experimental results show that the error between the theoretical pressure sensitivity of a fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor and the pressure sensitivity of static finite element analysis is 4.7%, and the first-order modal natural frequency is 3290.9 Hz. In the range of 0–2 MPa, the pressure sensitivity of the sensor is 1185.621 pm/MPa. The average leakage location error of the model is 8.5%. Practical significance. Practice has proved that the fiber Bragg grating pressure sensing technology has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, high reliability, and easy networking. The system can be effectively applied to the field of oil and gas pipeline leakage detection engineering.

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