Abstract

A number of device technologies for integrated optoelectronics have been developed, including electrooptic devices in lithium niobate and electroabsorptive III–V semiconductors.¹ However, there is interest in devices that could be faster and smaller, made simply, and integrated with sources and detectors. Such devices would include highspeed optical modulators and switches for lightwave systems, low switching-energy optically bistable devices, and spatial light modulators.

© 1986 Optical Society of America