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Fast detection of hydrogen with nano fiber tapers coated with ultra thin palladium layers

Joel Villatoro and David Monzón-Hernández

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We report a miniature hydrogen sensor that consists of a sub-wavelength diameter tapered optical fiber coated with an ultra thin palladium film. The optical properties of the palladium layer changes when the device is exposed to hydrogen. Consequently, the absorption of the evanescent waves also changes. The sensor was tested in a simple light transmission measurement setup that consisted of a 1550 nm laser diode and a photodetector. Our sensor is much smaller and faster than other optical hydrogen sensors reported so far. The sensor proposed here is suitable for detecting low concentrations of hydrogen at normal conditions.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Illustration of a tapered optical fiber. ρ0 is the initial diameter, typically 125 µm. (b) Schematic cross section of the device. ρ is the waist diameter, L0 is the length of the waist, and t is the maximum thickness of the palladium film (shadowed area). λ refers to wavelength.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental results on the fabrication of a nano taper. The transmission was measured during the whole fabrication process. The monitored wavelength was 1550 nm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Diagram of the experimental set-up used to test the sensors. MFC stands for mass flow controllers, LD for laser diode, and SMF for singlemode optical fiber.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Time response of a sensor when it was exposed to different hydrogen concentrations. (b) Transmission versus hydrogen concentration. Sensor parameters: ρ=1300 nm, L=2 mm, and t=4 nm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Time response of the sensor described in Fig. 4 upon consecutive cycles from a pure nitrogen atmosphere to a mixture of 3.9% hydrogen in nitrogen.

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Equations (1)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

P t = P 0 exp ( − 2 r Δ α L ) .
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