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Three-dimensional and high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography for in vivo investigation of human anterior eye segments

Yoshiaki Yasuno, Violeta Dimitrova Madjarova, Shuichi Makita, Masahiro Akiba, Atsushi Morosawa, Changho Chong, Toru Sakai, Kin-Pui Chan, Masahide Itoh, and Toyohiko Yatagai

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Abstract

A two- and three-dimensional swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system, which uses a ready-to-ship scanning light source, is demonstrated. The light source has a center wavelength of 1.31 μm, -3 dB wavelength range of 110 nm, scanning rate of 20 KHz, and high linearity in frequency scanning. This paper presents a simple calibration method using a fringe analysis technique for spectral rescaling. This SS-OCT system is capable of realtime display of two-dimensional OCT and can obtain three-dimensional OCT with a measurement time of 2 s. In vivo human anterior eye segments are investigated two- and three-dimensionally. The system sensitivity is experimentally determined to be 112 dB. The three-dimensional OCT volumes reveal the structures of the anterior eye segments, which are difficult to observe in two-dimensional OCT images. A two dimensional tomographic movie shows a dynamic motion of a human iris.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (6)

Media 1: AVI (1822 KB)     
Media 2: AVI (1948 KB)     
Media 3: AVI (1611 KB)     
Media 4: AVI (2229 KB)     
Media 5: AVI (1974 KB)     
Media 6: AVI (5313 KB)     

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. The optical scheme of SS-OCT. HSL: high-speed wavelength scanning light source, C: circulator, RM: reference mirror, OL: objective, and BR: balanced photo receiver.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The instantaneous output power (red curve) and wavelength (blue curve) of the light source. Since the light output duty cycle is 50%, the light emits for 25 μs, then is suppressed for 25 μs.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Point spread functions obtained at several different depth positions. Blue and red curves represent point spread functions with and without rescaling respectively.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. A representative of point spread functions at the depth of 1 mm.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The depth dependence of longitudinal resolution.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Two-dimensional tomographies of human anterior eye segments in vivo. SL: sclera, IS: iris stroma, IPE: iris pigment epithelium, CL: crystalline lens, SS: scleral spur, TM: trabecular meshwork, SC: Schlemm’s canal, CB: ciliary body, CE: corneal epithelium, CS: corneal stroma, and ICA: iridocorneal angle opening. The shadowing lines on the right side of image (a) are because of eyelashes.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Three-dimensional tomographies of the human anterior eye segments in vivo. (a) sclera and iris (1.8MB), (b) Palpebras and cornea (1.9MB), (c) iridocorneal angle opening (1.6MB), and (d) Iris, crystalline lens, and zonules of Zinn (2.2MB). IR: iris, NL: nucleus lentis, and ZZ: zonules of Zinn.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. B-scan images of human anterior eye chamber in dark room (upper) and bright room (lower). A tomographic movie shows contructing motion of the iris (1.9MB version and 5.2MB version).

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Equations (8)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

δ z = N λ c 2 / 4 δ λ
i m ( t ) = 2 η Γ ( ∣ z 0 ∣ ) P r ( t ) P p ( t ) cos { 4 π c z 0 ν ( t ) }
𝔉 [ i m ( t ) ] = η Γ ( ∣ z 0 ∣ ) 𝔉 [ P r ( t ) P p ( t ) ]
* { 𝔉 [ exp ( i 4 π c z 0 ν Ω ( t ) ) ] * δ ( μ − 2 c z 0 ν 1 )
+ 𝔉 [ exp ( − i 4 π c z 0 ν Ω ( t ) ) ] * δ ( μ + 2 c z 0 ν 1 ) }
i m ′ ( t ) = η Γ ( ∣ z 0 ∣ ) P r ( t ) P p ( t ) exp { i 4 π z 0 ν ( t ) / c } .
ν ( t j ) = c 4 π z 0 ϕ m ( t j ) .
t ( ν ) ≃ a 0 + a 1 ν + a 2 ν 2 + a 3 ν 3 .
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