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Lateral access to the holes of photonic crystal fibers – selective filling and sensing applications

Cristiano M. B. Cordeiro, Eliane M. dos Santos, C. H. Brito Cruz, Christiano J. S. de Matos, and Daniel S. Ferreira

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A new, simple, technique is demonstrated to laterally access the cladding holes of solid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) or the central hole of hollow-core PCFs by blowing a hole through the fiber wall (using a fusion splicer and the application of pressure). For both fiber types material was subsequently and successfully inserted into the holes. The proposed method compares favorably with other reported selective filling techniques in terms of simplicity and reproducibility. Also, since the holes are laterally filled, simultaneous optical access to the PCFs is possible, which can prove useful for practical sensing applications. As a proof-of-concept experiment, Rhodamine fluorescence measurements are shown.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscope images of the hollow- (a) and solid-core (b) PCFs used.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Optical microscope longitudinal images of a solid-core PCF showing front (a) and side (b) views of the fabricated lateral hole. The white bar is 100 μm wide.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Schematic diagram showing the three steps to opening the side hole in a hollow-core PCF. Optical microscope images of the steps 1, 2, and 3 are shown in (b), (c), and (d) respectively. White bars are 100 μm wide.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Longitudinal (a) and cross-sectional (b) optical microscope images of hollow-core PCFs with expanded, but not laterally opened, cores. White bars are 100 μm (a) and 20 μm (b) wide.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Cross-sectional optical microscope images of a hollow-core PCF (a) and of a solid-core PCF (b) with holes laterally filled with polymer. White bars are 20 μm (a) and 50 μm (b) wide.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Simulated normalized intensity profiles (in decibels) of the fundamental modes for the ethylene glycol filled HC-PCF (a) and SC-PCF (b). In (b) solely the top-most hole next to the core is filled.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) A possible setup to insert liquids into the core of a HC-PCF and to optically access it simultaneously – this setup is also suitable for SC-PCFs; (b) alternative method to insert liquids into SC-PCFs.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Rhodamine fluorescence spectra obtained with a HC-PCF with (a) and without (b) the side hole and obtained with a SC-PCF with (c) and without (d) the side hole.

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