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Fluorescence enhancement by surface gratings

Yu-Ju Hung, Igor I. Smolyaninov, Christopher C. Davis, and Hsuan-Chen Wu

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Fluorescence from a layer of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) is observed to be enhanced strongly if a dielectric grating deposited onto a gold film is used as a substrate. The fluorescence enhancement has been studied as a function of the grating periodicity and the angle of incidence of the excitation light. The enhancement mechanism is consistent with excitation of surface-plasmon-polaritons on the metal film surface. The observed phenomenon may be promising in sensing applications.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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Figures (9)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Device structures

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) AFM image of the nano-stripe gratings; (b) Dimensions of the pattern

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The intensity comparison of R6G/PMMA gratings on (a) ITO/glass substrate; (b) Au/glass substrate.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Fluorescence under normal excitation - (a) the arrangement of grating periodicity (in nm). (b) FOM pictures taken under the polarized Hg Lamp. E field is parallel to the grating trenches (exposure time: 250s). (c) The sample was rotated 90 degrees clockwise. E field is perpendicular to the grating trenches (exposure time: 700s).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Polarization effect on gratings with normal incidence to the sample surface.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. The geometry of the incident laser beam and angle definitions.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (a) α=30° Patterns with 841nm and 411nm periodicity are excited most strongly. (b) α=30° The pattern with 693nm periodicity fluoresce most strongly. (c) The pattern arrangement of (a) and (b).

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Fluorescence emission vs. angle α for different gratings.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. k* for different order n

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Tables (1)

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Table 1: The relation between the coupling order n and the digital value of the image intensity.

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Equations (3)

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k x * = k o sin ⁡ θ sin ⁡ α + ( 2 πn a ) = k sp ⊥
k y * = k o sin ⁡ θ cos ⁡ α = k sp ∥
( k * ) 2 = ( k o sin ⁡ θ cos ⁡ α ) 2 + ( k o sin ⁡ θ sin ⁡ α + 2 πn a ) 2 = ( k sp ) 2
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