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Photon subtracted squeezed states generated with periodically poled KTiOPO4

Kentaro Wakui, Hiroki Takahashi, Akira Furusawa, and Masahide Sasaki

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Abstract

We present generation of photon-subtracted squeezed states at 860 nm, from nearly pure, continuous-wave squeezed vacua generated with a periodically-poled KTiOPO4 crystal as a nonlinear medium of a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator. We observe various kinds of photon-subtracted squeezed states, including non-Gaussian states similar to the single-photon state and superposition states of coherent states, simply by changing the pump power. Nonclassicality of the generated states clearly shows up as its negative region around the origin of the phase-space distributions, i.e., the Wigner functions. We obtain the value, -0.083 at the origin of the Wigner function, which is largest ever observed without any correction for experimental imperfections.

©2007 Optical Society of America

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Figures (2)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental setup. OC : output coupler, HWP : half-wave plate, PBS : polarizing beam splitter, BS : beam splitter (consisting of HWP and PBS, variable splitting ratio), Triangle : triangle cavity, QWP : quarter-wave plate, FP1 & FP2 : Fabry-Perot cavities, HBS : 50:50 beam-splitter. All the beams including the squeezed vacuum have S-polarization. The sets of PBS+QWP just before FP1 & FP2 are used as optical isolators and also as pick-offs of the reflected beams. Each reflection from the filtering cavities is used for FM-sideband locking when the locking beam passes through at the optical chopper.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental Wigner functions (top panels) constructed from raw data without any correction of measurement imperfections, in the case of 5% splitting ratio. a : The single-photon state generated by -0.7dB initial squeezed vacuum. b and c : Schrödinger kittens generated by -2.6dB and -3.7dB initial squeezed vacua, respectively. The values of the Wigner function at the origin are a : W(0,0) = -0.049, b : W(0,0) = -0.083, and c : W(0,0) = -0.048. The insets in top panels are the contours of the Wigner functions. The middle panels are quadrature distributions obtained by homodyne detection. The bottom panels are photon-number distributions obtained by the iterative maximum-likelihood estimation.

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