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A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: Design, fabrication and characterization

Hu Tao, Nathan I. Landy, Christopher M. Bingham, Xin Zhang, Richard D. Averitt, and Willie J. Padilla

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present a metamaterial that acts as a strongly resonant absorber at terahertz frequencies. Our design consists of a bilayer unit cell which allows for maximization of the absorption through independent tuning of the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. An experimental absorptivity of 70% at 1.3 terahertz is demonstrated. We utilize only a single unit cell in the propagation direction, thus achieving an absorption coefficient α=2000 cm-1. These metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements for thermally based THz imaging, due to their relatively low volume, low density, and narrow band response.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (color) Schematics of the THz absorber: (a) electric resonator on the top of a polyimide spacer; (b) cut wire on GaAs wafer; (c) single unit cell showing the direction of propagation of incident EM wave. The unit cell is 34 µm wide and 50 µm in length. The line width and gap of the electric resonator is 3 µm. The side length of the square electric resonator is 30 µm, the side length of the cut wire is 48 µm, and the width of the cut wire is 4 µm. Thickness of the electric resonant ring and cut wire is 200 nm. The spacer of polyimide is 8 µm thick, and the GaAs wafer is 500 µm thick.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (color) Simulation results for the electric resonator ring and cut wire. (a) and (b) show the x-component of the electric field of the electric resonator ring and cut wire at resonance, respectively; (c) and (d) show the anti-parallel currents driven by magnetic coupling. (e) The absorptivity (blue) yields a value of 98% at 1.12 THz. Reflection (green) and Transmission (red) are both at normal incidence.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (color) Left panel describes the development process for fabrication of the terahertz absorber. Right panel shows photographs of the split wire (top) electric ring resonator and split wire (middle) and an individual unit cell of the terahertz absorber (bottom).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (color) Experimental results showing the transmission intensity and reflection intensity. The blue lines are experiment and the red line the simulations. The reflectance measurement was performed at 30° off-normal. The transmission measurement was performed at normal incidence.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (color) Experimental results showing absorptivity. Experimental results are in blue and simulation is in red. The experimental absorptivity reaches a maximum value of 70% at 1.3 THz. The simulated absorptivity reaches a value of 68% at the same frequency.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (color) Simulation results comparing absorptivity for both polarizations. When the electric field is polarized parallel to the center stalk of the ERR (red) absorption reaches 70%. In the opposite polarization, the absorption only reaches 27%

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