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Highly efficient generation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing products

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Abstract

We report and investigate on a highly efficient technique to generate broadband cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) products. It consists of launching two strong pump waves near the zero-dispersion wavelength of very short (of order of few meters) optical fibers. Simulations based on split step fourier method (SSFM) and experimental data demonstrate the efficiency of this approach. Multiple FWM products have been investigated by using conventional fibers and ultra-flattened dispersion photonic crystal fibers. Measured results present bandwidths of 300 nm with up to 118 FWM products. We have also demonstrated a flat bandwidth of 110 nm covering the C and L bands, with a small variation of only 1.2 dB between the powers of FWM products, achieved by using highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs). The use of dispersion tailored photonic crystal fibers has been shown interesting for improving the multiple FWM efficiency and reducing the separation between the pump wavelengths.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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Figures (9)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Length and dispersion slope analyses. (a) Number of FWM products with OSNR>30 dB as a function of the fiber length for S0=0.075 ps/nm2/km and typical HNLF parameters. (b) The same as in (a), but now fixing the fiber L=3.0 m and varying S0.
Fig.2.
Fig.2. Experimental setup.
Fig.3.
Fig.3. FWM products obtained at the booster output and by using STD and DSF.
Fig.4.
Fig.4. Efficient generation of FWM products obtaining by using 2.0 m of HNLF.
Fig.5.
Fig.5. FWM products over 80 nm with maximum power variation between the generated FWM products of only 1.2 dB.
Fig.6.
Fig.6. FWM products obtained by using a comb-like dispersion profiled fiber.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. 118 FWM products spaced by 2.5 m obtained by applying the PCF 1.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Result obtained by using a CDPF formed by 10 m of PCF 2 and 2 m of HNLF.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. FWM products obtained by using a 8.0 m of PCF 1.

Equations (7)

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P ( ω 4 ) E 1 E 2 E 3 * e i [ β ( ω 1 ) + β ( ω 2 ) β ( ω 3 ) ] z ,
κ = Δ κ M + Δ κ W + Δ κ NL = 0 ,
Δ κ M = [ n 3 ω 3 + n 4 ω 4 2 n 1 ω 1 ] c ,
Δ κ W = [ Δ n 3 ω 3 + Δ n 4 ω 4 ( Δ n 1 + Δ n 2 ) ω 1 ] c ,
Δ κ NL = γ ( P 1 + P 2 ) ,
Δ β = β ( ω 4 ) + β ( ω 3 ) β ( ω 1 ) β ( ω 2 )
Δ β β 2 ( ω / ) Δ ω 2 ,
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