Abstract

Atmospheric water vapor represents, arguably, the most important source of heat driving atmospheric circulation. In the tropics, it is responsible for the strong convection associated with the intertropical convergence zone thus establishing the Hadley circulation and the persistent trade winds. At mid-latitudes, moisture variation with altitude can destabilize the troposphere, setting up the potential for deep convection with boundary layer moisture fueling the resultant cyclone development and intensification. Moisture also plays an important role in global warming. Its anticipated increase as a result of the doubling of carbon dioxide is expected to produce a positive feedback leading to more than 50% of the temperature increase anticipated over the next 50 years. The impact of clouds on global warming is still being studied. In addition, radio waves can be adversely affected by sharp moisture gradients in the atmosphere leading to anomalous propagation.

© 1990 Optical Society of America