Microfluidic analysis of 3T3 cellular transport in a photonic crystal fiber: part I

Jiahaw Fu; Rosalind Wynne

doi:10.1364/AO.506695

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 5,
pp. 1272-1281
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.506695

Microfluidic analysis of 3T3 cellular transport in a photonic crystal fiber: part I

Jiahaw Fu and Rosalind Wynne

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Jiahaw Fu and Rosalind Wynne, "Microfluidic analysis of 3T3 cellular transport in a photonic crystal fiber: part I," Appl. Opt. 63, 1272-1281 (2024)

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Table of Contents Category
- Optical Devices, Sensors, and Detectors
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 22, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: December 23, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: December 27, 2023
- Published: February 6, 2024
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Abstract

This microfluidic-optical fiber sensor is an experimental system designed to transport and monitor 3D cell cultures, facilitating medical research and technology. This system includes a photonic crystal fiber with a hollow core diameter of 22 µm, which functions as a bridge between two microfluidic devices. The purpose of this system was to transport 3T3 cells (of diameters from 15 µm to 23 µm) between the two devices. At low Reynold’s and capillary numbers, spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of cellular aggregation at the interface of the fiber and microfluidic device. The transcapillary conductance, ${T_C}$, is a separate analysis that models the behavior of a cellular aggregate through the hollow channel of a photonic crystal fiber. For the experimental system, conventional fluid mechanics theory is limited and requires special treatment of conditions at the microscale, such that transcapillary conductance treatment was employed. The transcapillary conductance, ${T_C}$, was empirically derived to model cellular transport at the microfluidic scale and is useful for comparing transport events. For example, for a pressure differential of $\Delta p = 1.5 \cdot {10^3}\;{\rm cm}\;{{\rm H}_2}{\rm O}$, the transcapillary conductance values were determined to be ${10^{- 12}} \lt {T_C} \lt{ 10^{- 9}}$, which were then compared to other literature values, such as the transport of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at $33 \lt \Delta p \lt 80\;{\rm cm}\;{{\rm H}_2}{\rm O}$, with corresponding transcapillary conductance values at ${10^{- 7}} \lt {T_C} \lt{ 10^{- 5}}$. These transcapillary conductance values for both the literature and the experimental system are consistent, indicating that an increase in pressure differential does not promote microfluidic transport.

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All datasets are available upon request from the authors.

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Time [min]	Intensity [AU]	Color
$t = 1$ to $t = 5$	$I \approx 200$	Blue
$t = 6$ to $t = 12$	$I \approx 500$	Green
$t = 13$ to $t = 20$	$I \approx 730$	Black
$t = 21$ to $t = 46$	$I \approx 740$	Gray
$t = 47$ to $t = 72$	$I \approx 750$	Red

Time ( $t_{i}$ )	Q $[µ L / m i n]$	$Δ p = 8 μ LQ / π R^{4}$ [Pa]	Description
$t_{1}$	$Q_{1} = 1$	$Δ p = 1.54 \cdot 10^{5}$	Initial volumetric flow rate at the start
$t_{2}$	$Q_{2} = 1.5$	$Δ p = 2.31 \cdot 10^{5}$	Max pressure observed
$t_{3}$	$Q_{3} = 1.2$	$Δ p = 1.85 \cdot 10^{5}$	Dropping volumetric flow rate
$t_{4}$	$Q_{4} = 1.1$	$Δ p = 1.70 \cdot 10^{5}$	Lowest volumetric flow rate
$t_{5}$	$Q_{5} = 20$	$Δ p = 3.08 \cdot 10^{6}$	Added to observe increase in $Δ p$

Parameter	CTC (Aggregate)	3T3 (Aggregate), $Δ p = 8 μ LQ / π R^{4}$
$E$	250 Pa	250 Pa
$η$	$7 \cdot 10^{- 7} P a \cdot s$	$7 \cdot 10^{- 7} P a \cdot s$
$v$	$5 - 2850 µ m / s$	$5 - 2850 µ m / s$
$d_{c h a n n e l}$	5, 7, 10 µm	22 µm
$Δ p (c m H_{2} O)$	33, 80 cm $H_{2} O$	1570, 2355, 1886, 1733, 31305 cm $H_{2} O$
$Δ p (P a)$	3236, 7845 Pa	154, 231, 185, 170, $3080 \cdot 10^{3} P a$

Time [min]	Intensity [AU]	Color
$t = 1$ to $t = 5$	$I \approx 200$	Blue
$t = 6$ to $t = 12$	$I \approx 500$	Green
$t = 13$ to $t = 20$	$I \approx 730$	Black
$t = 21$ to $t = 46$	$I \approx 740$	Gray
$t = 47$ to $t = 72$	$I \approx 750$	Red

Time ( $t_{i}$ )	Q $[µ L / m i n]$	$Δ p = 8 μ LQ / π R^{4}$ [Pa]	Description
$t_{1}$	$Q_{1} = 1$	$Δ p = 1.54 \cdot 10^{5}$	Initial volumetric flow rate at the start
$t_{2}$	$Q_{2} = 1.5$	$Δ p = 2.31 \cdot 10^{5}$	Max pressure observed
$t_{3}$	$Q_{3} = 1.2$	$Δ p = 1.85 \cdot 10^{5}$	Dropping volumetric flow rate
$t_{4}$	$Q_{4} = 1.1$	$Δ p = 1.70 \cdot 10^{5}$	Lowest volumetric flow rate
$t_{5}$	$Q_{5} = 20$	$Δ p = 3.08 \cdot 10^{6}$	Added to observe increase in $Δ p$

Abstract

Data availability

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Figures (10)

Tables (3)

Equations (4)

Applied Optics