Abstract
We present a rigorous formulation based on the Poynting's theorem in
dispersive and lossy media to calculate the quality factor, material loss,
radiation loss, and radiation pattern of an optical nanobowtie antenna using
the finite-difference time-domain method. The quality factor obtained from
our theory, 8.73, agrees well with the experimental data. Our results show
that the radiation loss and material loss are comparable. The material loss
mainly originates from the chromium rather than gold even though the
nanobowtie antenna mostly consists of gold. In addition, due to the small
gap and plasmonic mode confinement, the effective modal volume is ultrasmall
[6.36 x 10<sup>-5</sup>(λ/<i>n</i><sub>eff</sub>)<sup>3</sup>], which significantly breaks the diffraction limit.
© 2011 IEEE
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