Optical limiting effect of C<sub>70</sub> solution at 1064 nm

Zhengnan Wu; Zhengnan Wu; Yuangang Lu; Yuangang Lu; Yujie Zuo; Feng Xu; Dunwen Zuo

doi:10.1364/AO.391227

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 14,
pp. 4371-4376
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.391227

Optical limiting effect of C₇₀ solution at 1064 nm

Zhengnan Wu, Yuangang Lu, Yujie Zuo, Feng Xu, and Dunwen Zuo

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Zhengnan Wu, Yuangang Lu, Yujie Zuo, Feng Xu, and Dunwen Zuo, "Optical limiting effect of C₇₀ solution at 1064 nm," Appl. Opt. 59, 4371-4376 (2020)

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Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the optical limiting effect of ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution at a wavelength of 1064 nm. We experimentally measured the transmittance of ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution under three different concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mmol/L), three different solution thicknesses (5, 10, and 20 mm), and two different solvents (toluene and xylene) and obtained the values of absorption cross sections and relaxation times in the five-level absorption model of ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution. The influences of concentration, thickness, and solvent on the optical limiting effect of the ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution are analyzed. We also measured transmittance of ${\text{C}_{60}}$ solution under the same conditions and compared the results with those of ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution. The experimental results show that concentration and solution thicknesses have great influence on the optical limiting ability of ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution. The optical limiting effect of ${\text{C}_{70}}$ solution is better than that of ${\text{C}_{60}}$ solution at low concentration and worse than that of ${\text{C}_{60}}$ solution at high concentration.

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Absorption Cross Sections and Relaxation Times of $C_{70}$ Solution
$σ_{0 ({cm}^{2})}$	$σ_{S ({cm}^{2})}$	$σ_{T ({cm}^{2})}$	$τ_{1 (ns)}$	$τ_{3 (ns)}$	$τ_{5 (ns)}$
$2. 32 \times 1 0^{-} 18$	$8.21 \times 10^{-} 18$	$5. 68 \times 1 0^{-} 18$	34	224	6.8

			$C_{60}$		$C_{70}$
Concentration	Solvent	Thickness	$δ$	$T_{min}$	$δ$	$T_{min}$
1 mmol/L	toluene	20 mm	0.506	0.321	0.479	0.323
		10 mm	0.445	0.393	0.398	0.415
		5 mm	0.393	0.471	0.352	0.516
	xylene	20 mm	0.503	0.327	0.476	0.321
		10 mm	0.438	0.411	0.392	0.433
		5 mm	0.388	0.484	0.346	0.538
0.5 mmol/L	toluene	20 mm	0.452	0.371	0.407	0.434
		10 mm	0.361	0.483	0.314	0.538
		5 mm	0.259	0.615	0.214	0.631
	xylene	20 mm	0.446	0.383	0.401	0.451
		10 mm	0.357	0.502	0.311	0.522
		5 mm	0.252	0.621	0.221	0.628
0.25 mmol/L	toluene	20 mm	0.116	0.756	0.188	0.635
		10 mm	0.081	0.807	0.167	0.711
		5 mm	0.073	0.842	0.129	0.784
	xylene	20 mm	0.114	0.748	0.193	0.633
		10 mm	0.075	0.818	0.168	0.715
		5 mm	0.064	0.845	0.136	0.778

Material at Wavelength	$δ$	$T_{min}$	References
$C_{70}$ solution at 1064 nm	0.48	0.32	This paper
$C_{70}$ solution at 532 nm	0.51	0.26	[19]
$C_{60}$ solution at 1064 nm	0.51	0.32	This paper and [26]
$C_{60}$ solution at 532 nm	0.54	0.28	[19]
Cu nanowires at 1064 nm	0.31	0.58	[27]
HEASPS at 1064 nm	0.43	—	[28]
Cobalt-doped polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions at 1064 nm	0.41	0.57	[29]
MeCu solution at 1064 nm	0.46	0.42	[30]

Absorption Cross Sections and Relaxation Times of $C_{70}$ Solution
$σ_{0 ({cm}^{2})}$	$σ_{S ({cm}^{2})}$	$σ_{T ({cm}^{2})}$	$τ_{1 (ns)}$	$τ_{3 (ns)}$	$τ_{5 (ns)}$
$2. 32 \times 1 0^{-} 18$	$8.21 \times 10^{-} 18$	$5. 68 \times 1 0^{-} 18$	34	224	6.8

			$C_{60}$		$C_{70}$
Concentration	Solvent	Thickness	$δ$	$T_{min}$	$δ$	$T_{min}$
1 mmol/L	toluene	20 mm	0.506	0.321	0.479	0.323
		10 mm	0.445	0.393	0.398	0.415
		5 mm	0.393	0.471	0.352	0.516
	xylene	20 mm	0.503	0.327	0.476	0.321
		10 mm	0.438	0.411	0.392	0.433
		5 mm	0.388	0.484	0.346	0.538
0.5 mmol/L	toluene	20 mm	0.452	0.371	0.407	0.434
		10 mm	0.361	0.483	0.314	0.538
		5 mm	0.259	0.615	0.214	0.631
	xylene	20 mm	0.446	0.383	0.401	0.451
		10 mm	0.357	0.502	0.311	0.522
		5 mm	0.252	0.621	0.221	0.628
0.25 mmol/L	toluene	20 mm	0.116	0.756	0.188	0.635
		10 mm	0.081	0.807	0.167	0.711
		5 mm	0.073	0.842	0.129	0.784
	xylene	20 mm	0.114	0.748	0.193	0.633
		10 mm	0.075	0.818	0.168	0.715
		5 mm	0.064	0.845	0.136	0.778

Number	Concentration (mmol/L)	Solute	Solvent (50 ml)
1	0.25	$C_{60}$ (9 mg)	toluene
2	0.25	$C_{60}$ (9 mg)	xylene
3	0.5	$C_{60}$ (18 mg)	toluene
4	0.5	$C_{60}$ (18 mg)	xylene
5	1	$C_{60}$ (36 mg)	toluene
6	1	$C_{60}$ (36 mg)	xylene
7	0.25	$C_{70}$ (10.5 mg)	toluene
8	0.25	$C_{70}$ (10.5 mg)	xylene
9	0.5	$C_{70}$ (21 mg)	toluene
10	0.5	$C_{70}$ (21 mg)	xylene
11	1	$C_{70}$ (42 mg)	toluene
12	1	$C_{70}$ (42 mg)	xylene

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Applied Optics