Analysis of a highly sensitive flat fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor

Moutusi De; Moutusi De; Vinod Kumar Singh; Vinod Kumar Singh

doi:10.1364/AO.59.000380

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 2,
pp. 380-388
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.59.000380

Analysis of a highly sensitive flat fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor

Moutusi De and Vinod Kumar Singh

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Moutusi De and Vinod Kumar Singh, "Analysis of a highly sensitive flat fiber plasmonic refractive index sensor," Appl. Opt. 59, 380-388 (2020)

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose an efficient double-layered flat fiber (DLFF) plasmonic refractive index sensor having high resolution and linearity. Thin gold film is used as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) active material protected by a titanium dioxide layer, both deposited on the upper flat surface of DLFF. The sensor consists of an analyte channel in the central core hole as well as on the top of the fiber. Structural parameters of DLFF and thickness of gold and titanium dioxide layer are analyzed based on the finite element method. The optimized structure is studied based on wavelength and amplitude interrogation techniques in the near-infrared region. Numerical results show average wavelength sensitivity of 12172 nm/RIU with a resolution of ${8.21} \times {{10}^{ - 6}}\,\,{\rm RIU}$ (refractive index unit) in the highly refractive index (RI) range from 1.445 to 1.490. Further, amplitude sensitivity of this probe is found to be ${2910}\,\,{{\rm RIU}^ {- 1}}$ with a resolution of ${3.44} \times {{10}^{ - 6}}\,\,{\rm RIU}$, which is the highest among all reported PCF SPR sensors, as per the authors’ best knowledge. Compared with traditional photonic crystal fiber, the designed DLFF makes the sensor configuration simple to fabricate as well as a potential candidate for developing biochemical sensors and portable devices.

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Analyte RI ( $n_{a}$ ) (RIU)	SPR Wavelength ( $λ_{p e a k}$ ) (µm)	Loss ( $α$ ) (dB/cm)	FWHM (nm)
1.445	1.6579	311	40
1.450	1.5979	326	30
1.455	1.5347	272	37
1.460	1.4726	184	49
1.465	1.4099	134	59
1.470	1.3468	99	68
1.475	1.2854	71	77
1.480	1.2257	51	78
1.485	1.1693	37	84
1.490	1.1164	27	89

Sensor Structure	RI range (RIU)	$S_{λ}$ (nm/RIU)	$R_{λ}$ (RIU)	$S_{A} {R I U}^{- 1}$	$R_{A}$ (RIU)	Ref.
Graphene-coated modified PCF-based SPR sensor	1.33–1.37	3700	$2. {7 \times 10}^{- 5}$	216	$4. {60 \times 10}^{- 5}$	[19]
Hollow-core fiber-based SPR sensor	1.27–1.45	5653	–	590	–	[4]
Multicoating PCF-based SPR sensor	1.40–1.44	9180	$1. {09 \times 10}^{- 5}$	1739	$5. {75 \times 10}^{- 6}$	[39]
Selectively coated PCF-based SPR sensor	1.33–1.42	11000	$9. {1 \times 10}^{- 6}$	1420	$7. {00 \times 10}^{- 6}$	[40]
Hollow-fiber SPR sensor	1.494–1.697	4356	$1. {4 \times 10}^{- 4}$	–	–	[41]
Proposed DLFF SPR sensor	1.445–1.490	12172	$8.21 \times 10^{- 6}$	2910	$3. {44 \times 10}^{- 6}$	Our work

Analyte RI ( $n_{a}$ ) (RIU)	SPR Wavelength ( $λ_{p e a k}$ ) (µm)	Loss ( $α$ ) (dB/cm)	FWHM (nm)
1.445	1.6579	311	40
1.450	1.5979	326	30
1.455	1.5347	272	37
1.460	1.4726	184	49
1.465	1.4099	134	59
1.470	1.3468	99	68
1.475	1.2854	71	77
1.480	1.2257	51	78
1.485	1.1693	37	84
1.490	1.1164	27	89

Sensor Structure	RI range (RIU)	$S_{λ}$ (nm/RIU)	$R_{λ}$ (RIU)	$S_{A} {R I U}^{- 1}$	$R_{A}$ (RIU)	Ref.
Graphene-coated modified PCF-based SPR sensor	1.33–1.37	3700	$2. {7 \times 10}^{- 5}$	216	$4. {60 \times 10}^{- 5}$	[19]
Hollow-core fiber-based SPR sensor	1.27–1.45	5653	–	590	–	[4]
Multicoating PCF-based SPR sensor	1.40–1.44	9180	$1. {09 \times 10}^{- 5}$	1739	$5. {75 \times 10}^{- 6}$	[39]
Selectively coated PCF-based SPR sensor	1.33–1.42	11000	$9. {1 \times 10}^{- 6}$	1420	$7. {00 \times 10}^{- 6}$	[40]
Hollow-fiber SPR sensor	1.494–1.697	4356	$1. {4 \times 10}^{- 4}$	–	–	[41]
Proposed DLFF SPR sensor	1.445–1.490	12172	$8.21 \times 10^{- 6}$	2910	$3. {44 \times 10}^{- 6}$	Our work

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