Sandstorm effect on experimental optical camera communication

Vicente Matus; Victor Guerra; Stanislav Zvanovec; Jose Rabadan; Rafael Perez-Jimenez

doi:10.1364/AO.405952

Applied Optics
Vol. 60,
Issue 1,
pp. 75-82
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.405952

Sandstorm effect on experimental optical camera communication

Vicente Matus, Victor Guerra, Stanislav Zvanovec, Jose Rabadan, and Rafael Perez-Jimenez

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Vicente Matus, Victor Guerra, Stanislav Zvanovec, Jose Rabadan, and Rafael Perez-Jimenez, "Sandstorm effect on experimental optical camera communication," Appl. Opt. 60, 75-82 (2021)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: September 11, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: November 20, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: November 29, 2020
- Published: December 21, 2020

Abstract

Sandstorms can severely affect the reliability of outdoor optical wireless communications (OWC) by diminishing large regions’ visibility. In this work, the effect of a real sandstorm on optical camera communications (OCC) links is experimentally evaluated. Two link ranges are essayed using a cost-efficient telescope-based camera setup with commercial LEDs. Using on–off keying modulation, a data rate of 1035 and 630 bps with error probabilities of $9.14 \cdot {10^{- 5}}$ and $4.1 \cdot {10^{- 3}}$ for 100 m and 200 m, respectively, can be achieved. The signal-to-noise ratio of the links was optimized by tuning the analog amplifier’s gain of the camera, increasing it by up to 9 dB. It is shown that scattering due to the sandstorm can even be beneficial for increasing the data rate in OCC (contrary to classical photodetector-based OWC links), thanks to an increment of 33% on the region of interest dimensions compared to the expected clear air link.

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Module	Parameter	Value
$T_{x}$	Emitter dimensions	$4.2 c m \times 45 c m$
	Average source radiance	$10 W / m^{2}$
	Transmitting devices	RGB LED strips
	Transmitting devices	( $108 \times 5050$ SMD chips)
	LED dominant wavelengths [nm]	630 (R), 530 (G), 475 (B)
Channel	Distance (d)	100 m, 200 m
	Aerosol optical depth ( ${A O D}_{550}$ )	3.2 to 6.4 ( $λ = 550 n m$ )
	Dust surface concentration [ $µ g / m^{3}$ ]	500 to 2000
	Dust dry deposition [ $m g / m^{2}$ ]	100 to 400
$R_{x}$	Telescope focal length ( $f$ )	700 mm
	Telescope focal aperture (D)	$f$ /11.6
	Image sensor model	Sony IMX219 [24]
	Image sensor resolution	$2592 x 1952 p x$
	RS row-shift time ( $t_{rs}$ )	$18.904 µ s$
	Camera gain ( $G_{V}$ )	$0, \dots, 20.6 d B$
	Exposure time ( $t_{e x p}$ )	$85 µ s$

Channel	$λ$ [nm]	$K_{e x t} (λ)$ [ $m^{- 1}$ ]
Red	630	$7.2 \cdot 10^{- 3}$
Green	530	$6.9 \cdot 10^{- 3}$
Blue	475	$5.6 \cdot 10^{- 3}$

Module	Parameter	Value
$T_{x}$	Emitter dimensions	$4.2 c m \times 45 c m$
	Average source radiance	$10 W / m^{2}$
	Transmitting devices	RGB LED strips
	Transmitting devices	( $108 \times 5050$ SMD chips)
	LED dominant wavelengths [nm]	630 (R), 530 (G), 475 (B)
Channel	Distance (d)	100 m, 200 m
	Aerosol optical depth ( ${A O D}_{550}$ )	3.2 to 6.4 ( $λ = 550 n m$ )
	Dust surface concentration [ $µ g / m^{3}$ ]	500 to 2000
	Dust dry deposition [ $m g / m^{2}$ ]	100 to 400
$R_{x}$	Telescope focal length ( $f$ )	700 mm
	Telescope focal aperture (D)	$f$ /11.6
	Image sensor model	Sony IMX219 [24]
	Image sensor resolution	$2592 x 1952 p x$
	RS row-shift time ( $t_{rs}$ )	$18.904 µ s$
	Camera gain ( $G_{V}$ )	$0, \dots, 20.6 d B$
	Exposure time ( $t_{e x p}$ )	$85 µ s$

Channel	$λ$ [nm]	$K_{e x t} (λ)$ [ $m^{- 1}$ ]
Red	630	$7.2 \cdot 10^{- 3}$
Green	530	$6.9 \cdot 10^{- 3}$
Blue	475	$5.6 \cdot 10^{- 3}$

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Applied Optics