Efficient photobleaching of rhodamine 6G by a single UV pulse

Charles Fort; Philippe M. Bardet

doi:10.1364/AO.431209

Applied Optics
Vol. 60,
Issue 22,
pp. 6342-6350
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.431209

Efficient photobleaching of rhodamine 6G by a single UV pulse

Charles Fort and Philippe M. Bardet

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Charles Fort and Philippe M. Bardet, "Efficient photobleaching of rhodamine 6G by a single UV pulse," Appl. Opt. 60, 6342-6350 (2021)

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- Spectroscopy
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 11, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: June 21, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: June 21, 2021
- Published: July 21, 2021

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Abstract

While photobleaching can be detrimental in applications focusing on fluorescence as it lowers the signal strength, it can advantageously provide non-fluorescent tracers in a fluorescent flow and hence be implemented in tracking techniques such as molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV). The photobleaching of rhodamine 6G under a single UV pulse is described with a simple three-level model of fluorescence. It offers a convenient estimate of the order of magnitude of irradiance required to observe significant photobleaching for a uniform beam. In an effort to improve the application to MTV, analytical formulas enable to determine the photobleached signal strength from a Gaussian UV laser beam overlapping with a green laser sheet and imaged from the side, as well as the apparent width of the imaged photobleached line.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Dye	$C$ (µM)	Source	$λ_{P B}$ (nm)	$τ_{P B}$ (ms)	$P_{0}$ (W)	$A$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$E_{0} / 2$ ( ${J / c m}^{2}$ )
Rhodamine B [8]	0.4	${A r}^{+}$	458	250	0.05	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$	700
Coumarin 153 [15]	1-10	LD	405	250	0.2	$5 \times 10^{- 3}$	10
NBD-Cl [9]	-	${A r}^{+}$	458	100	0.2	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$	1000
Fluorescein i. [19]	$10^{2}$	LD	488	50-120	0.1	$5 - 10 \times 10^{- 6}$	500–1000
Fluorescein s. [12]	$10^{3}$	DPSSL	473	12.5	0.15	$4 \times 10^{- 5}$	50
Fluorescein d. [10]	$10^{2}$	${A r}^{+}$	488	10	0.4	$3 \times 10^{- 5}$	100
Nile red [13]	$10^{3}$	DPSSL	473	8.5	0.04	$3 \times 10^{- 7}$	1000
Nile red [14]	$10^{3}$	DPSSL	488	6	0.01	$3 \times 10^{- 7}$	300
Fluorescein s. [16]	1.3	LD	405	5	0.15	$7 \times 10^{- 6}$	100
Fluorescein [17]	$10^{- 3}$	LD	447	2.5-20	2	$5 \times 10^{- 4}$	10–80
Fluorescein s. [11]	$10^{- 3}$	${A r}^{+}$	488	1	4	$1 - 70 \times 10^{- 5}$	50–300
Fluorescein s. [18]	$10^{- 3}$	LD	450	0.03	4	$8 \times 10^{- 7}$	200

$λ$ (nm)	$σ_{01}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$σ_{1 n}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$σ_{T 1 n}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )
350	$3.6 \times 10^{- 17}$	$2.5 \times 10^{- 16}$	$3.85 \times 10^{- 17}$
528	$2.7 \times 10^{- 16}$	$7.7 \times 10^{- 18}$	$3.85 \times 10^{- 17}$

$λ$ (nm)	$k_{b X}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$k_{T}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$k_{I S C}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$k_{I C}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$k_{f}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$k_{b X n}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$k_{X n 1}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )
350	245	$4.9 \times 10^{5}$	$1.1 \times 10^{6}$	$1.49 \times 10^{7}$	$2.4 \times 10^{8}$	$6.8 \times 10^{10}$	$5 \times 10^{12}$
528	200	$4.9 \times 10^{5}$	$1.1 \times 10^{6}$	$1.49 \times 10^{7}$	$2.4 \times 10^{8}$	$2.8 \times 10^{8}$	$5 \times 10^{12}$

Dye	$C$ (µM)	Source	$λ_{P B}$ (nm)	$τ_{P B}$ (ms)	$P_{0}$ (W)	$A$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$E_{0} / 2$ ( ${J / c m}^{2}$ )
Rhodamine B [8]	0.4	${A r}^{+}$	458	250	0.05	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$	700
Coumarin 153 [15]	1-10	LD	405	250	0.2	$5 \times 10^{- 3}$	10
NBD-Cl [9]	-	${A r}^{+}$	458	100	0.2	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$	1000
Fluorescein i. [19]	$10^{2}$	LD	488	50-120	0.1	$5 - 10 \times 10^{- 6}$	500–1000
Fluorescein s. [12]	$10^{3}$	DPSSL	473	12.5	0.15	$4 \times 10^{- 5}$	50
Fluorescein d. [10]	$10^{2}$	${A r}^{+}$	488	10	0.4	$3 \times 10^{- 5}$	100
Nile red [13]	$10^{3}$	DPSSL	473	8.5	0.04	$3 \times 10^{- 7}$	1000
Nile red [14]	$10^{3}$	DPSSL	488	6	0.01	$3 \times 10^{- 7}$	300
Fluorescein s. [16]	1.3	LD	405	5	0.15	$7 \times 10^{- 6}$	100
Fluorescein [17]	$10^{- 3}$	LD	447	2.5-20	2	$5 \times 10^{- 4}$	10–80
Fluorescein s. [11]	$10^{- 3}$	${A r}^{+}$	488	1	4	$1 - 70 \times 10^{- 5}$	50–300
Fluorescein s. [18]	$10^{- 3}$	LD	450	0.03	4	$8 \times 10^{- 7}$	200

$λ$ (nm)	$σ_{01}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$σ_{1 n}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )	$σ_{T 1 n}$ ( ${c m}^{2}$ )
350	$3.6 \times 10^{- 17}$	$2.5 \times 10^{- 16}$	$3.85 \times 10^{- 17}$
528	$2.7 \times 10^{- 16}$	$7.7 \times 10^{- 18}$	$3.85 \times 10^{- 17}$

Abstract

Data Availability

Cited By

Figures (8)

Tables (3)

Equations (35)

Applied Optics