Optical fiber humidity sensor based on a hollow core fiber filled with BPQDs-PVA

Min Shao; Bingkun Liu; Yanmei Wang; Yinggang Liu; Xueguang Qiao

doi:10.1364/AO.473164

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 35,
pp. 10439-10445
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.473164

Optical fiber humidity sensor based on a hollow core fiber filled with BPQDs-PVA

Min Shao, Bingkun Liu, Yanmei Wang, Yinggang Liu, and Xueguang Qiao

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Min Shao, Bingkun Liu, Yanmei Wang, Yinggang Liu, and Xueguang Qiao, "Optical fiber humidity sensor based on a hollow core fiber filled with BPQDs-PVA," Appl. Opt. 61, 10439-10445 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 15, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: September 20, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: October 2, 2022
- Published: December 6, 2022

Abstract

An optical fiber Fabry–Perot (FP) interferometric humidity sensor based on black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and experimentally verified. The sensor is constructed by splicing a brief hollow core fiber (HCF) with a single-mode fiber (SMF) and filling the BPQDs-PVA compound into the HCF. When the proposed humidity sensor is placed in a humidity environment, BPQDs-PVA adsorbs water molecules in the air with increasing humidity, which changes the length of the FP cavity, as well as the refractive index of BPQDs-PVA, resulting in a spectral blueshift. The influence of the mixing ratio on humidity response properties has been experimentally investigated. A linear enhanced sensitivity of ${-}{0.7525}\;{\rm nm/}\% {\rm RH}$ within the humidity range of 45-75 %RH has been achieved. The maximum instability is 0.07 %RH in a long-term stability test, whereas the response and recovery times are 1.44 and 1.48 s, respectively.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Name	HCF length	Mixing ratio	Thickness
Sensor-1	$48.56 µ m$	$B P Q D s : P V A = 1 : 9$	$8.57 µ m$
Sensor-2	$46.68 µ m$	$B P Q D s : P V A = 2 : 8$	$6.67 µ m$
Sensor-3	$47.12 µ m$	$B P Q D s : P V A = 3 : 7$	$6.73 µ m$

Method	Material	Measurement Range (%RH)	Sensitivity (nm/%RH)	Stability (Wavelength Fluctuations)	Response/Recovery Time (s)	Ref.
MZI	GO	30–70	0.159	–	–	[25]
FPI	GQDs-PVA	19.63–78.86	0.456	$< 0.57 n m$	–	[26]
FPI	GQDs-PVA	13.47–81.34	0.1172	–	–	[27]
SNCS fiber	CuO-PVA	30–100	−0.581	–	8.11/−	[28]
FPI	Polyimide	40–80	1.309	–	4/−	[23]
Sagnac	${M o S}_{2}$	60.6–78.6	0.1766	–	–	[29]
FPI	Gelatin	20–80	0.192	$< 0.28 n m$	0.24/0.35	[30]
Tapered Fiber	PVA	30–90	0.1194	$< 0.06 n m$	–	[31]
FPI	PVA	7–91.2	0.07	$< 0.03 n m$	450/−	[32]
FPI	BPQDs-PVA	45–75	−0.7525	$< 0.03 nm$	1.44/1.48	This work

Name	HCF length	Mixing ratio	Thickness
Sensor-1	$48.56 µ m$	$B P Q D s : P V A = 1 : 9$	$8.57 µ m$
Sensor-2	$46.68 µ m$	$B P Q D s : P V A = 2 : 8$	$6.67 µ m$
Sensor-3	$47.12 µ m$	$B P Q D s : P V A = 3 : 7$	$6.73 µ m$

Method	Material	Measurement Range (%RH)	Sensitivity (nm/%RH)	Stability (Wavelength Fluctuations)	Response/Recovery Time (s)	Ref.
MZI	GO	30–70	0.159	–	–	[25]
FPI	GQDs-PVA	19.63–78.86	0.456	$< 0.57 n m$	–	[26]
FPI	GQDs-PVA	13.47–81.34	0.1172	–	–	[27]
SNCS fiber	CuO-PVA	30–100	−0.581	–	8.11/−	[28]
FPI	Polyimide	40–80	1.309	–	4/−	[23]
Sagnac	${M o S}_{2}$	60.6–78.6	0.1766	–	–	[29]
FPI	Gelatin	20–80	0.192	$< 0.28 n m$	0.24/0.35	[30]
Tapered Fiber	PVA	30–90	0.1194	$< 0.06 n m$	–	[31]
FPI	PVA	7–91.2	0.07	$< 0.03 n m$	450/−	[32]
FPI	BPQDs-PVA	45–75	−0.7525	$< 0.03 nm$	1.44/1.48	This work

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Applied Optics