Realization of an optical nanostructure 4×1 multiplexer based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides

Saif H. Abdulwahid; Ahmed Ghanim Wadday; Faris Mohammed Ali; Bashar J. Hamza; Ali Najah Al-Shamani

doi:10.1364/AO.497810

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 23,
pp. 6163-6168
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.497810

Realization of an optical nanostructure 4×1 multiplexer based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides

Saif H. Abdulwahid, Ahmed Ghanim Wadday, Faris Mohammed Ali, Bashar J. Hamza, and Ali Najah Al-Shamani

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Saif H. Abdulwahid, Ahmed Ghanim Wadday, Faris Mohammed Ali, Bashar J. Hamza, and Ali Najah Al-Shamani, "Realization of an optical nanostructure 4×1 multiplexer based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides," Appl. Opt. 62, 6163-6168 (2023)

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Abstract

The optical multiplexer was created at a nanoscale plasmonic structure utilizing the finite element method (FEM) with COMSOL version 5.5 software to enable maximum light confinement, high-speed optical systems, and a tiny structure. The metal-insulator-metal technology at a nanoscale dimension is used for creating the ${{4}} \times {{1}}$ multiplexer. In this design, the transmission threshold (${{{T}}_{{\rm threshold}}}$) is selected to be 100% for separating between logic “1” and logic “0” at a 1310 nm operating wavelength. The modulation depth (MD), contrast ratio (CR), and insertion loss (IL) characteristics were explained to evaluate the performance of the multiplexer. The CR has 3.48 dB, the MD offers an ideal performance with 95.28 %, and the IL has 3.31 dB.

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Data availability

The corresponding author will provide the datasets and curves produced during the current investigation upon reasonable request.

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Selectors		Inputs
$S_{1}$	$S_{0}$	D	C	B	A	Output
0	0	$*$	$*$	$*$	0	0
0	0	$*$	$*$	$*$	1	1
0	1	$*$	$*$	0	$*$	0
0	1	$*$	$*$	1	$*$	1
1	0	$*$	0	$*$	$*$	0
1	0	$*$	1	$*$	$*$	1
1	1	0	$*$	$*$	$*$	0
1	1	1	$*$	$*$	$*$	1

Selectors		Inputs
Port 6( $S_{1}$ )	Port 3( $S_{0}$ )	Port 7(D)	Port 5(C)	Port 2(B)	Port 1(A)	T value	Output
OFF(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(90°)	ON(180°)	OFF(0°)	0.175/1	0
OFF(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	2.146/1	1
OFF(0°)	ON(135°)	ON(0°)	ON(90°)	OFF(0°)	ON(180°)	0.293/1	0
OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	2.928/1	1
ON(90°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(135°)	ON(180°)	0.437/1	0
ON(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	2.782/1	1
ON(0°)	ON(90°)	OFF(0°)	ON(45°)	ON(135°)	ON(180°)	0.963/1	0
ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	3.712/1	1

Criteria	This Work	[30]	[32]	[33]	[34]	[35]
Method	Finite element method (FEM)	FEM	FDTD	–	FDTD	FEM
Structure	MIM-PW with square nanoscale resonator	Square-shaped nanoring hybrid PW	MIM Plasmonic waveguide	Dielectric-loaded surface plasmon waveguides	Plasmonic tapped structure	Triple plasmonic-dielectric waveguide
Proposed circuits	$4 \times 1$ Multiplexer	Multiplexer and comparator	$2 \times 1$ multiplexer	add–drop multiplexer	Multiplexer	De-multiplexer
No. of Inputs	4	2	2	–	2	2
Dimension	$200 \times 250 n m^{2}$	$400 \times 400 n m^{2}$ , $1300 \times 400 n m^{2}$	$6 \times 3.5 µ m^{2}$	$500 \times 600 n m^{2}$	$1.5 \times 0 . 865 µ m^{2}$	$> 100 µ m^{2}$
Wavelength	1310 nm	1310 nm	1550 nm	1500 and 1640 nm	1310 and 1550 nm	1550 nm,
Dielectric	ZnO	Teflon	–	–	$S i O_{2}$	$S i O_{2}$
Metal	Ag	Ag	–	–	Au	Au
Gauge	T, CR, MD, and IL	T, CR, MD, and IL	ER	IL	IL	IL and ER
Threshold	100%	30%	–	–	–	–

Selectors		Inputs
$S_{1}$	$S_{0}$	D	C	B	A	Output
0	0	$*$	$*$	$*$	0	0
0	0	$*$	$*$	$*$	1	1
0	1	$*$	$*$	0	$*$	0
0	1	$*$	$*$	1	$*$	1
1	0	$*$	0	$*$	$*$	0
1	0	$*$	1	$*$	$*$	1
1	1	0	$*$	$*$	$*$	0
1	1	1	$*$	$*$	$*$	1

Selectors		Inputs
Port 6( $S_{1}$ )	Port 3( $S_{0}$ )	Port 7(D)	Port 5(C)	Port 2(B)	Port 1(A)	T value	Output
OFF(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(90°)	ON(180°)	OFF(0°)	0.175/1	0
OFF(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	2.146/1	1
OFF(0°)	ON(135°)	ON(0°)	ON(90°)	OFF(0°)	ON(180°)	0.293/1	0
OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	2.928/1	1
ON(90°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(135°)	ON(180°)	0.437/1	0
ON(0°)	OFF(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	2.782/1	1
ON(0°)	ON(90°)	OFF(0°)	ON(45°)	ON(135°)	ON(180°)	0.963/1	0
ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	ON(0°)	3.712/1	1

Output Power (µW) for Output
$P_{M i n} \| O N$	$P_{M a x} \| O F F$	CR	MD	IL
2.146	0.963	3.48 dB	95.28 %	3.31 dB

Abstract

Data availability

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Figures (4)

Tables (4)

Equations (9)

Applied Optics