Design of an IMI optical 2 × 4 decoder circuit based on square disk resonators

Murtadha F. Turki; Haydar M. Al-Tamimi

doi:10.1364/AO.510522

Applied Optics
Vol. 63,
Issue 3,
pp. 654-661
(2024)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.510522

Design of an IMI optical 2 × 4 decoder circuit based on square disk resonators

Murtadha F. Turki and Haydar M. Al-Tamimi

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Murtadha F. Turki and Haydar M. Al-Tamimi, "Design of an IMI optical 2 × 4 decoder circuit based on square disk resonators," Appl. Opt. 63, 654-661 (2024)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Surface Optics and Plasmonics
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 30, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: December 10, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: December 11, 2023
- Published: January 12, 2024

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a ${2} \times {4}$ decoder that was developed by using the finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with the COMSOL version 5.5 software. Insulator–metal–insulator (IMI) waveguides with four substructures were used in the fabrication of the plasmonic decoder. Gold is used as a conducting material. This is a challenge for us, while Teflon is used as a dielectric material in the fabrication process. The dimensions of this part are 1090 nm by 400 nm. At an operating wavelength of 1550 nm, the transmission threshold (${{\rm T}_{{\rm threshold}}}$) of this scheme has been determined to be 10%. In order to assess the effectiveness of the plasmonic decoder, it is recommended that the modulation depth (MD), contrast ratio (CR), and insertion loss (IL) parameters be carried out. Both the highest values of CR and MD are 12.33 decibels, and the maximum value of MD is 99.96%. It is because of these qualities that this work is distinguished from earlier works.

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Data availability

The corresponding author will provide the datasets and curves produced during the current investigation upon reasonable request.

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IPs		OPs
A	B	$Y_{3}$	$Y_{2}$	$Y_{1}$	$Y_{0}$
0	0	0	0	0	1
0	1	0	0	1	0
1	0	0	1	0	0
1	1	1	0	0	0

Inputs		Transmission Value				Output
A	B	P4	P3	P2	P1	Y3	Y2	Y1	Y0
0	0	0.054	0.054	0.054	0.131	0	0	0	1

Inputs		Transmission Value				Output
A	B	P4	P3	P2	P1	Y3	Y2	Y1	Y0
0	1	0.017	0.017	0.356	4E-5	0	0	1	0

Inputs		Transmission Value				Output
A	B	P4	P3	P2	P1	Y3	Y2	Y1	Y0
1	0	0.017	0.355	0.017	0.016	0	1	0	0

Inputs		Transmission Value				Output
A	B	P4	P3	P2	P1	Y3	Y2	Y1	Y0
1	1	0.925	0.054	0.054	0.057	1	0	0	0

$Y_{0}$	$P_{M i n} \| O N$	$P_{M a x} \| O F F$	CR	MD	IL
	0.131	0.057	3.61 dB	99.96%	−8.8 dB
$Y_{1}$	$P_{M i n} \| O N$	$P_{M a x} \| O F F$	CR	MD	IL
	0.356	0.054	8.19 dB	95.22%	−4.4 dB
$Y_{2}$	$P_{M i n} \| O N$	$P_{M a x} \| O F F$	CR	MD	IL
	0.355	0.054	8.17 dB	95.21%	−4.4 dB
$Y_{3}$	$P_{M i n} \| O N$	$P_{M a x} \| O F F$	CR	MD	IL
	0.925	0.054	12.33 dB	98.16%	−0.3 dB

References	This Work	[31]	[25]	[40]	[41]	[42]	[24]	[43]
Criteria	IMI Plasmonic Waveguide with Square Resonator	Kerr Effect Based Optical Switching	Pockel’s Effect Guided Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI)	Photonic Crystal X-Shaped Resonators	A Subwavelength Graphene Surface Plasmon Polariton-	1:2 Line Optical Decoder Based on Linear Optics	1:2 Line Optical Decoder Based on MMI Phase Shifter	Resonant Cavities in Photonic Crystal Structure
Software	COMSOL	FDTD	OPTIBPM	FDTD	FDTD	FDTD	FDTD	FDTD
Size	$1090 n m \times 400 n m$	$140 \times 9 {µ m}^{2}$	$0.4 c m \times 800 µ m$	$690 {µ m}^{2}$	$2.1 {µ m}^{2}$	$215 {µ m}^{2}$	$243 {µ m}^{2}$	$86 {µ m}^{2}$
Operating wavelength	1550 nm	1550 nm	—	from 1530 to 1565 nm	—	1550 nm	1550 nm	1550 nm
Dielectric material	Teflon	—	Ti	Silica	Silicon dioxide	Silicon	Silicon	Silicon
Nobel metal	Au	Ag	${L i N b O}_{3}$	Graphene	Graphene	—	—	—
Contrast ratio	12.33 dB	22.1 dB	21.35 dB	5.4 dB	36.43 dB	10 dB	20 dB	13.58 dB
Modulation depth	99.96%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Insertion loss	−8.8 dB	—	0.0417 dB	—	—	—	—	−1.81 dB
Transmission threshold	10%	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Maximum transmission	92% for logic 1 and 5% for logic 0	—	—	30% for logic 0 and $> 50 %$ for logic 1	—	—	$\geq 80 %$ for logic (1) and $\leq 10 %$ at logic (0)	—
Proposed design

Abstract

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Applied Optics