Upper temperature limit for nanograting survival in oxide glasses

Qiong Xie; Maxime Cavillon; Bertrand Poumellec; Matthieu Lancry

doi:10.1364/AO.496351

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 25,
pp. 6794-6801
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.496351

Upper temperature limit for nanograting survival in oxide glasses

Qiong Xie, Maxime Cavillon, Bertrand Poumellec, and Matthieu Lancry

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Qiong Xie, Maxime Cavillon, Bertrand Poumellec, and Matthieu Lancry, "Upper temperature limit for nanograting survival in oxide glasses," Appl. Opt. 62, 6794-6801 (2023)

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Abstract

The thermal stability of self-assembled porous nanogratings inscribed by an infrared femtosecond (fs) laser in five commercial glasses (BK7, soda lime, 7059, AF32, and Eagle XG) is monitored using step isochronal annealing experiments. Their erasure, ascertained by retardance measurements and attributed to the collapse of nanopores, is well predicted from the Rayleigh–Plesset (R–P) equation. This finding is thus employed to theoretically predict the erasure of nanogratings in the context of any time–temperature process (e.g., thermal annealing, laser irradiation process). For example, in silica glass (Suprasil CG) and using a simplified form of the R–P equation, nanogratings composed of 50 nm will erase within ${\sim}{30}\;{\rm min}$, ${\sim}{1}\;{\unicode{x00B5}}{\rm s}$, and ${\sim}{30}\;{\rm ns}$ at temperatures of ${\sim}{1250}^\circ{\rm C}$, 2675°C, and 3100°C, respectively. Such conclusions are expected to provide guidelines to imprint nanogratings in oxide glasses (for instance, in the choice of laser parameters) or to design appropriate thermal annealing protocols for temperature sensing.

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Corrections

Qiong Xie, Maxime Cavillon, Bertrand Poumellec, and Matthieu Lancry, "Upper temperature limit for nanograting survival in oxide glasses: publisher’s note," Appl. Opt. 62, 7156-7156 (2023)
https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-62-27-7156

5 September 2023: Typographical corrections were made to Fig. 3 and the Conclusion.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Glass Samples	Molar Composition	Laser Parameters^a $^{^{,}}$ ^b	Viscosity Parameters ( $A$ ; $B$ ; $T_{0}$ )
BK7	$69.13 {S i O}_{2}$ , $10.75 B_{2} O_{3}$ , $3.07 B a O$ , $10.40 {N a}_{2} O$ , $6.29 K_{2} O$ , $0.36 {A s}_{2} O_{3}$ $o t h e r s < 1$	800 fs, 0.6 µJ, 1 µm/s, 25 kHz, 300 µm, $5 \times 4000 {µ m}^{2}$	(−2.475; 4677; 527.8)
Soda lime	$72.6 {S i O}_{2}$ , $13 {N a}_{2} O$ , $8.8 C a O$ , $4.3 M g O$ , $0.6 {A l}_{2} O_{3}$ , $0.3 K_{2} O$ , $0.2 {S O}_{3}$ , $0.1 {F e}_{2} O_{3}$	800 fs, 0.2 to 0.45 µJ, 10 µm/s, 100 kHz, 500 µm, $10 \times 4500 {µ m}^{2}$	(−1.741; 4309; 537.7)
Borofloat 33	$81 {S i O}_{2}$ , $2 {A l}_{2} O_{3}$ , $13 B_{2} O_{3}$ , $4 {N a}_{2} O / K_{2} O$	250 fs, 2 µJ, 100 µm/s, 100 kHz, 200 µm, $100 \times 100 {µ m}^{2}$	(−1.681; 6578; 384.8)
7059	$63 {S i O}_{2}$ , $8.5 {A l}_{2} O_{3}$ , $16 B_{2} O_{3}$ , 12.5 BaO	800 fs, 0.45 µJ, 1 µm/s, 50 kHz, 300 µm, $5 \times 3500 {µ m}^{2}$	(−19.81; 34510; −140)
AF32	$66.43 {S i O}_{2}$ , $11.28 {A l}_{2} O_{3}$ , $10.73 B_{2} O_{3}$ , 5.30 CaO, 4.63 MgO,1.36 BaO, $o t h e r s < 1$	800 fs, 0.25 to 3 µJ, 50 µm/s, 50 kHz, 300 µm, $10 \times 4500 {µ m}^{2}$	(−4.062; 8876; 480.8)
Eagle XG	$65.71 {S i O}_{2}$ , $11.10 {A l}_{2} O_{3}$ , $11.65 B_{2} O_{3}$ , 8.64 CaO, 2.28 MgO, $o t h e r s < 1$	800 fs, 0.9 µJ, 10 µm/s, 100 kHz, 500 µm, $700 \times 700 {µ m}^{2}$	(−6.584; 13170; 319.4)
ULE	$94.25 {S i O}_{2}$ , $5.75 {T i O}_{2}$	250 fs, 2 µJ, 100 µm/s, 100 kHz, 200 µm, $100 \times 100 {µ m}^{2}$	(−21.47; 90920; −1365)
Suprasil CG	$100 {S i O}_{2}$	250 fs, 2 µJ, 100 µm/s, 100 kHz, 200 µm, $100 \times 100 {µ m}^{2}$	(−9.5; 34200; −127)

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Applied Optics