Nematic liquid crystal filled D-shaped voltage sensor with enhanced performance for power monitoring and fault detection in extreme environments

Md. Walid Hassan; Md. Aslam Mollah

doi:10.1364/AO.503706

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 36,
pp. 9454-9461
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.503706

Nematic liquid crystal filled D-shaped voltage sensor with enhanced performance for power monitoring and fault detection in extreme environments

Md. Walid Hassan and Md. Aslam Mollah

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Md. Walid Hassan and Md. Aslam Mollah, "Nematic liquid crystal filled D-shaped voltage sensor with enhanced performance for power monitoring and fault detection in extreme environments," Appl. Opt. 62, 9454-9461 (2023)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 21, 2023
- Revised Manuscript: November 21, 2023
- Manuscript Accepted: November 21, 2023
- Published: December 11, 2023

Abstract

A nematic liquid crystal voltage sensor with enhanced performance is proposed in this paper. The sensor is designed D-shaped using a single NLC filled core without the presence of air holes, which has made the sensor fabrication much simpler than previous sensors. The sensor also consists of a circular slot that provides a vast space for the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon with a minimum amount of gold. The performance of the proposed sensor is carried out using a finite element method (FEM) based simulation. Following this, the sensor obtains a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 10 nm/V for a wide range of 190 V to 250 V with 5 V increments. The sensor also has a linearity of 0.9926 and a figure of merit (FOM) of $0.2\;{\rm V^{- 1}}$. It has a resolution of 0.01 V. The proposed sensor is a promising technology with a wide range of extreme and sophisticated applications. The sensor’s simple structure, high sensitivity, resolution, linearity, and FOM make it perfectly suitable for a variety of sensing applications, including power monitoring, fault detection, medical diagnosis, voltage lines, electronics, etc.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Surface plasmon resonance voltage sensor based on a liquid crystal-infiltrated hollow fiber

Md. Shofiqul Islam, Md. Aslam Mollah, Abdulhameed Fouad Alkhateeb, Wassim Zouch, and Sami Alghamdi
Opt. Mater. Express 12(12) 4630-4642 (2022)

Tunable liquid crystal core refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in gold nanofilm coated photonic crystal fiber

Zhenkai Fan, Shichao Chu, Jianye Qin, Yinping Zhang, and Haishan Liu
Appl. Opt. 61(10) 2675-2682 (2022)

D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance effect for refractive index detection

Xiaokai Liu, Jinhui Yuan, Yuwei Qu, Jingao Zhang, Xian Zhou, Binbin Yan, Kuiru Wang, Xinzhu Sang, and Chongxiu Yu
Appl. Opt. 62(16) E83-E91 (2023)

Previous Article Next Article

Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (10)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (3)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (11)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Voltage (V)	RW (µm)	${C L}_{p e a k}$ (dB/cm)	RW Shift (nm)	WS (nm/V)	R (V)	FWHM (µm)	FOM (1/V)
190	1.03	0.04492895	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
195	1.08	0.044719984	50	10	0.01	0.05	0.2
200	1.11	0.044361583	30	6	0.016	0.04	0.15
205	1.14	0.043576219	30	6	0.016	0.05	0.12
210	1.17	0.042599612	30	6	0.016	0.06	0.1
215	1.21	0.041497877	40	8	0.013	0.08	0.1
220	1.23	0.041357289	20	4	0.025	0.04	0.1
225	1.26	0.040967103	30	6	0.016	0.06	0.1
230	1.28	0.040681267	20	4	0.025	0.04	0.1
235	1.31	0.040029402	30	6	0.016	0.04	0.1
240	1.34	0.0389131	30	6	0.016	0.06	0.1
245	1.36	0.037967472	20	4	0.025	0.06	0.1
250	1.38	0.037320684	20	4	0.025	0.04	0.1

Variation of Parameters	Parameter Value µm	190 V	195 V	WS (nm/V)	FOM (1/V)
	2.90	1.12	1.15	6	0.1
Gold	2.95	1.09	1.11	4	0.07
slot	3.00	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
diameter	3.05	0.97	1.00	6	0.04
	3.10	0.95	0.98	6	0.06
	0.70	0.85	0.84	2	0.02
Slot	0.725	0.95	1.00	10	0.17
to NLC	0.75	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
distance	0.775	1.12	1.16	8	0.16
	0.80	1.15	1.2	10	0.17
	0.015	0.84	0.83	2	0.02
Gold	0.020	0.93	0.97	8	0.07
slot	0.025	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
thickness	0.030	1.06	1.1	10	0.13
	0.035	1.13	1.16	6	0.06
	9.50	1.19	1.24	10	0.06
NLC	9.75	1.11	1.14	6	0.05
core	10.0	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
diameter	10.25	0.92	0.96	8	0.10
	10.5	0.85	0.84	2	0.03

Sensing Methodology	Voltage Range (V)	WS (nm/V)	Resolution (V)	Linearity	Ref.
SPR	200–400	5	0.02	0.9935	[3]
Sagnac interferometer	325–425	−7.37	0.0135	0.99162	[7]
Coupling between crystal and fiber core	0–21	3.88	0.025	0.9175	[14]
Electro-optical modulation	0–150	5.594	0.017	0.9973	[15]
Sagnac interferometer	98–151.61	3.49	0.028	– – –	[16]
Mach–Zehnder interferometer	0–120	1.1	0.09	0.998	[22]
SPR	190–250	10	0.01	0.9926	This work

Voltage (V)	RW (µm)	${C L}_{p e a k}$ (dB/cm)	RW Shift (nm)	WS (nm/V)	R (V)	FWHM (µm)	FOM (1/V)
190	1.03	0.04492895	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
195	1.08	0.044719984	50	10	0.01	0.05	0.2
200	1.11	0.044361583	30	6	0.016	0.04	0.15
205	1.14	0.043576219	30	6	0.016	0.05	0.12
210	1.17	0.042599612	30	6	0.016	0.06	0.1
215	1.21	0.041497877	40	8	0.013	0.08	0.1
220	1.23	0.041357289	20	4	0.025	0.04	0.1
225	1.26	0.040967103	30	6	0.016	0.06	0.1
230	1.28	0.040681267	20	4	0.025	0.04	0.1
235	1.31	0.040029402	30	6	0.016	0.04	0.1
240	1.34	0.0389131	30	6	0.016	0.06	0.1
245	1.36	0.037967472	20	4	0.025	0.06	0.1
250	1.38	0.037320684	20	4	0.025	0.04	0.1

Variation of Parameters	Parameter Value µm	190 V	195 V	WS (nm/V)	FOM (1/V)
	2.90	1.12	1.15	6	0.1
Gold	2.95	1.09	1.11	4	0.07
slot	3.00	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
diameter	3.05	0.97	1.00	6	0.04
	3.10	0.95	0.98	6	0.06
	0.70	0.85	0.84	2	0.02
Slot	0.725	0.95	1.00	10	0.17
to NLC	0.75	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
distance	0.775	1.12	1.16	8	0.16
	0.80	1.15	1.2	10	0.17
	0.015	0.84	0.83	2	0.02
Gold	0.020	0.93	0.97	8	0.07
slot	0.025	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
thickness	0.030	1.06	1.1	10	0.13
	0.035	1.13	1.16	6	0.06
	9.50	1.19	1.24	10	0.06
NLC	9.75	1.11	1.14	6	0.05
core	10.0	1.03	1.08	10	0.20
diameter	10.25	0.92	0.96	8	0.10
	10.5	0.85	0.84	2	0.03

Abstract

Data availability

Cited By

Figures (10)

Tables (3)

Equations (11)

Applied Optics