1 × 5 broadband photonic crystal power splitter designed by the Powell algorithm

Pengcheng Shi; Hang Ke; Peili Li; Fuxiao Ma; Weihua Shi

doi:10.1364/AO.481040

Applied Optics
Vol. 62,
Issue 5,
pp. 1303-1312
(2023)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.481040

1 × 5 broadband photonic crystal power splitter designed by the Powell algorithm

Pengcheng Shi, Hang Ke, Peili Li, Fuxiao Ma, and Weihua Shi

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Pengcheng Shi, Hang Ke, Peili Li, Fuxiao Ma, and Weihua Shi, "1 × 5 broadband photonic crystal power splitter designed by the Powell algorithm," Appl. Opt. 62, 1303-1312 (2023)

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Table of Contents Category
- Optical Devices, Sensors, and Detectors
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 16, 2022
- Revised Manuscript: December 27, 2022
- Manuscript Accepted: January 9, 2023
- Published: February 6, 2023

Abstract

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, ${1} \times {5}$ broadband power splitter based on the photonic crystal. The Powell algorithm is used to reverse-design the proposed broadband power splitter. The results show that the transmittance of each output port of the broadband photonic crystal power splitter can be adjusted by changing the radii and offsets of the dielectric rods at the junction area of each waveguide. According to the target splitting ratio, the reverse design of the structural parameters using the Powell algorithm significantly improves the optimization efficiency and splitting performance of the broadband power splitter. The designed power splitters have a wide working bandwidth of 1525–1565 nm, a flexible and designable power splitting ratio, excellent splitting performance, and a compact size, which have great application prospects in all-optical communication networks, high-density photon integration, and other fields.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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	Radius/µm		Offsets/µm
Parameters	$R_{1} & R_{3}$	$R_{2} & R_{4}$	$M_{1} & M_{5}$	$M_{2} & M_{6}$	$M_{3} & M_{7}$	$M_{4} & M_{8}$
Range	0.01–0.2	0.02–0.24	−0.25 to 0.18	−0.15 to 0.26	−0.1 to 0.22	−0.2 to 0.24
Initial value	0.04	0.15	0	0	0	0

	Radius/µm		Offsets/µm
Splitting Ratios	$R_{1} & R_{3}$	$R_{2} & R_{4}$	$M_{1} & M_{5}$	$M_{2} & M_{6}$	$M_{3} & M_{7}$	$M_{4} & M_{8}$	Time Consumption
1:1:1:1:1	0.043	0.153	−0.061	0.036	−0.044	0	8 min 36 s
2:3:1:3:2	0.047	0.155	−0.221	−0.047	−0.064	0.041	9 min 26 s
1:2:1:4:1	0.070&0.127	0.086&0.166	−0.171&−0.105	0.252&0.035	0.081&−0.05	−0.026&0	9 min 43 s

Authors/Year	Number of Ports	Splitting Ratio	Size ( ${µ m}^{2}$ )	Bandwidth	Total Transmission
Zhang et al. 2013 [18]	$1 \times 4$	1:1:1:1	189.5	1645–1717 nm	$\geq 96 %$
Hadjira and Mehadji 2015 [31]	$1 \times 2$	1:1	156	1535–1560 nm	$\geq 80 %$
Mohammad et al. 2017 [32]	$1 \times 2$	1:1	28.2	1500–1660 nm	$\geq 90 %$
Arunkumar et al. 2019 [20]	$1 \times 4$	1:1:1:1	277.4	1440–1480 nm	$\geq 95 %$
Arunkumar et al. 2019 [20]	$1 \times 6$	1:1:1:1:1:1	361	1480–1505 nm	$\geq 95 %$
Moumeni and Labbani 2021 [21]	$1 \times 2$	1:1	60.7	1521–1576 nm	$\geq 90 %$
In this work	$1 \times 5$	1:1:1:1:1	41.5	1525–1565 nm	$\geq 95.3 %$
		2:3:1:3:2			$\geq 94.9 %$
		1:2:1:4:1			$\geq 95.9 %$

	Radius/µm		Offsets/µm
Parameters	$R_{1} & R_{3}$	$R_{2} & R_{4}$	$M_{1} & M_{5}$	$M_{2} & M_{6}$	$M_{3} & M_{7}$	$M_{4} & M_{8}$
Range	0.01–0.2	0.02–0.24	−0.25 to 0.18	−0.15 to 0.26	−0.1 to 0.22	−0.2 to 0.24
Initial value	0.04	0.15	0	0	0	0

	Radius/µm		Offsets/µm
Splitting Ratios	$R_{1} & R_{3}$	$R_{2} & R_{4}$	$M_{1} & M_{5}$	$M_{2} & M_{6}$	$M_{3} & M_{7}$	$M_{4} & M_{8}$	Time Consumption
1:1:1:1:1	0.043	0.153	−0.061	0.036	−0.044	0	8 min 36 s
2:3:1:3:2	0.047	0.155	−0.221	−0.047	−0.064	0.041	9 min 26 s
1:2:1:4:1	0.070&0.127	0.086&0.166	−0.171&−0.105	0.252&0.035	0.081&−0.05	−0.026&0	9 min 43 s

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Applied Optics