Abstract

In view of the special properties of the upper atmosphere at the altitude of 80–120 km, a ground-based passive remote sensing instrument ground-based airglow volume emission rate and temperature imaging interferometer (GBAVTII) is built to detect the atmospheric temperature used ${{\rm{O}}_2}({{0 \text{-}1}})$ spectral line of night airglow at the altitude of 94 km. In the process of photographing the upper atmosphere airglow with the GBAVTII, the stray light (white noise) such as moonlight, city lights, and starlight will be affected. In this paper, the theoretical expression of denoising is derived based on the rotational line temperature measurement of diatomic ${{\rm{O}}_2}({{0 \text{-}1}})$ airglow. Through a slight adjustment of different parameters in the forward equation of the GBAVTII and noise reduction in laboratory flat-field fine calibration, and other denoising methods in the GBAVTII image processing process, the maximum accuracy of the GBAVTII detection of the upper atmospheric temperature is enhanced to 2.4 K. Also, the minimum error of the GBAVTII detecting data with the satellite instrument sounding of atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry is 0.4 K. Thus, the absolute accuracy of the GBAVTII in detecting the upper atmospheric temperature can be improved to ${{\pm}}\;({{0.4 -}}{2.4})\;{\rm{K}}$ through the theory and method studied in this paper.

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