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Abstract
In this paper, the theoretical model of laser cleaning of paint-rust mixed layer on the surface of a Q235 steel plate is established from the perspective of the laser ablation effect and the thermal vibration effect. The study simulates the temperature and stress field variations of the mixed layer under different laser power densities. The experiment recorded ablative fumes and vibrational spattering generated during the cleaning process and measured the micro-morphology and surface roughness of the cleaned specimens. The results show that the cleaning mechanism of the paint-rust mixed layer is dominated by the ablation effect at low laser power densities, while the combined effects of ablation and thermal vibration dominate at high laser power densities. However, excessive laser energy can damage the substrate. At a laser power density of ${12.37} \times {{10}^{6}}\;{\rm W}/{{\rm cm}^2}$, the substrate surface is free from contamination residues and exhibits a bright, white, metallic gloss, which can be determined as the cleaning threshold for laser cleaning of paint-rust mixed layers. This study provides a valuable reference for the laser cleaning of mixed pollutants of paint and rust on metal surfaces.
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