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Experimental study and mechanism analysis of a pulsed laser cleaning aluminum alloy process

Li Zhou, Haichao Zhao, Qing Zhang, Qianrui Wang, Guozheng Ma, Yulin Qiao, and Haidou Wang

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A pulse laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a pulse width of 1 µs was used to experiment on the coating of a 2024 aluminum alloy surface. The removal performance of the pulse laser cleaning coating was explored by a single factor analysis and orthogonally conditions, and the effects of the laser power, scanning speed, and pulse frequency on the quality of laser coating removal were summarized. The mechanisms of pulse laser cleaning the coating were studied. The results show that the three parameters of the laser power, scanning speed, and pulse frequency have different effects on the quality of laser coating removal. Among them, with the increase of the scanning speed and pulse frequency, the quality of laser cleaning first increases and then decreases, respectively. With the increase in laser power, the quality of laser cleaning increases. A good laser cleaning quality can be achieved at the laser power of 16.5 W, a scanning speed of 600 mm/s, and a pulse frequency of 30 kHz. The laser cleaning coating involves a variety of mechanisms such as combustion, explosion, gasification, thermal vibration stripping, and laser plasma impact. The result can provide practical references for a better searching of the paint removal.

© 2024 Optica Publishing Group

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Data availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Figures (15)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the optical fiber laser cleaning device.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Surface morphology of the uncleaned paint coating.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Schematics of the laser cleaning method of paint removal.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Damage characteristics of the laser cleaning paint layer: (a) 6 and (b) 9 W.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. 3D morphology of cleaning pits after the single-pulse laser scanning paint layer with different laser powers. (${\rm v} = {2600}\;{\rm mm/s}$, 30 kHz): (a) 10.5, (b) 12, (c) 13.5, (d) 15, (e) 16.5, and (f) 18 W.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Parameters of the cleaning pits after single-pulse laser scanning paint layers of different laser powers.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. 3D morphology of the surface of pulse laser cleaning with different scanning speeds (power 16.5 W, repeat frequency ${\rm f} = {30}\;{\rm KHz}$): (a), (d) 1000; (b), (e) 2400; (c), (f) 2600 mm/s.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. 3D morphology of the surface of pulse laser cleaning with different pulse frequencies (16.5 W, 2600 mm/s): (a), (d) 20; (b), (e) 30; (c), (f) 40; (g), (h) 50; (j), (k) 60 kHz.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Parameters of the cleaning pits after different pulse frequencies of a single-pulse laser scanning paint layer.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. 3D morphology of the surface of the orthogonal experiment.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. 3D morphology of the surface cleaned with different laser powers. (a) 12, (b) 13.5, (c) 15, (d) 16.5, (e) 18, and (f) 19.5 W.

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Fig. 12.
Fig. 12. 3D morphology of the surface cleaned at different scanning speeds. (a) 200, (b) 400, (c) 600, (d) 800, (e) 1000, and (f) 1200 mm/s.

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Fig. 13.
Fig. 13. 3D morphology of the surface cleaned at different pulse frequencies. (a) 20, (b) 25, (c) 30, (d) 35, (e) 40, and (f) 45 kHz.

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Fig. 14.
Fig. 14. Paint layer cleaning surface and cleaning product morphology.

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Fig. 15.
Fig. 15. Mechanism diagram of pulsed laser paint removal.

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Tables (9)

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Table 1. Main Parameters of Optical Fiber Laser

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Table 2. Level of Factors

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Table 3. Specific Parameters of the Orthogonal Experiment

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Table 4. Evaluation Score of Stripping Surface Cleanliness

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Table 5. Results of the Orthogonal Experiment

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Table 6. Variance Analysis

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Table 7. Surface Roughness after Laser Cleaning with Different Laser Powers

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Table 8. Surface Roughness after Laser Cleaning with Different Scanning Speeds

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Table 9. Surface Roughness after Laser Cleaning with Different Pulse Frequencies

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

η = E ρ α ρ c h P f ,
Y i = a i 1 y i 1 + a i 2 y i 2 + a i 3 y i 3 + ⋯ ⋯ + a ij y ij ,
Δ T = 2 F β κ α τ π .
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