Abstract

An investigation of angled flip-chip integration of a singlemode 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) on a silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is presented. Using numerical FDTD simulations, we consider the conditions under which the VCSEL can be integrated at an angle over a grating coupler with high coupling efficiency and low optical feedback. With both coupling efficiency and feedback decreasing with increasing angle, there is a trade-off. With co-directional coupling, first-order diffraction loss sets in at a critical angle, which further reduces the coupling efficiency. No such critical angle exists for contra-directional coupling. We also experimentally demonstrate angled flip-chip integration of GaAs-based 850 nm single transverse and polarization mode VCSELs over grating couplers on a silicon-nitride PIC. At the output grating coupler, light is either collected by an optical fiber or converted to a photocurrent using a flip-chip integrated GaAs-based photodetector. The latter forms an on-PIC optical link. We measured an insertion loss of 21.9, 17.6 and 20.1 dB with a singlemode fiber, multimode fiber and photodetector over the output grating coupler, respectively.

Flip-chip integration of tilted VCSELs onto a silicon photonic integrated circuit

Huihui Lu, Jun Su Lee, Yan Zhao, Carmelo Scarcella, Paolo Cardile, Aidan Daly, Markus Ortsiefer, Lee Carroll, and Peter O’Brien
Opt. Express 24(15) 16258-16266 (2016)

Enabling VCSEL-on-silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits with micro-transfer-printing

Jeroen Goyvaerts, Alexander Grabowski, Johan Gustavsson, Sulakshna Kumari, Andim Stassen, Roel Baets, Anders Larsson, and Günther Roelkens
Optica 8(12) 1573-1580 (2021)

Flip-chip assembly of VCSELs to silicon grating couplers via laser fabricated SU8 prisms

K.S. Kaur, A.Z. Subramanian, P. Cardile, R. Verplancke, J. Van Kerrebrouck, S. Spiga, R. Meyer, J. Bauwelinck, R. Baets, and G. Van Steenberge
Opt. Express 23(22) 28264-28270 (2015)

Integration of an O-band VCSEL on silicon photonics with polarization maintenance and waveguide coupling

Yisu Yang, Gligor Djogo, Moez Haque, Peter R. Herman, and Joyce K. S. Poon
Opt. Express 25(5) 5758-5771 (2017)

Hybrid silicon photonics DBR laser based on flip-chip integration of GaSb amplifiers and µm-scale SOI waveguides

Nouman Zia, Heidi Tuorila, Jukka Viheriälä, Samu-Pekka Ojanen, Eero Koivusalo, Joonas Hilska, and Mircea Guina
Opt. Express 30(14) 24995-25005 (2022)